Monodisperse FePt Nanoparticles and Ferromagnetic FePt Nanocrystal Superlattices

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) - Tập 287 Số 5460 - Trang 1989-1992 - 2000
Shouheng Sun1, C. B. Murray1, D. Weller2, L. Folks2, A. Moser2
1IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA;
2IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, CA 95120, USA

Tóm tắt

Synthesis of monodisperse iron-platinum (FePt) nanoparticles by reduction of platinum acetylacetonate and decomposition of iron pentacarbonyl in the presence of oleic acid and oleyl amine stabilizers is reported. The FePt particle composition is readily controlled, and the size is tunable from 3- to 10-nanometer diameter with a standard deviation of less than 5%. These nanoparticles self-assemble into three-dimensional superlattices. Thermal annealing converts the internal particle structure from a chemically disordered face-centered cubic phase to the chemically ordered face-centered tetragonal phase and transforms the nanoparticle superlattices into ferromagnetic nanocrystal assemblies. These assemblies are chemically and mechanically robust and can support high-density magnetization reversal transitions.

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One typical synthetic procedure is as follows: under airless condition platinum acetylacetonate (197 mg 0.5 mmol) 1 2-hexadecanediol (390 mg 1.5 mmol) and dioctylether (20 ml) were mixed and heated to 100°C. Oleic acid (0.16 ml 0.5 mmol) oleyl amine (0.17 ml 0.5 mmol) and Fe(CO) 5 (0.13 ml 1 mmol) were added and the mixture was heated to reflux (297°C). The refluxing was continued for 30 min. The heat source was then removed and the reaction mixture was allowed to cool to room temperature. The inert gas protected system could be opened to ambient environment at this point. The black product was precipitated by adding ethanol (∼40 ml) and separated by centrifugation. Yellow-brown supernatant was discarded. The black precipitate was dispersed in hexane (∼25 ml) in the presence of oleic acid (∼0.05 ml) and oleyl amine (∼0.05 ml) and precipitated out by adding ethanol (∼20 ml) and centrifuging. The product was dispersed in hexane (∼20 ml) centrifuged to remove any unsolved precipitation (almost no precipitation was found at this stage) and precipitated out by adding ethanol (∼15 ml) and centrifuging. The materials were redispersed in hexane and stored under N 2 . The total weight of material recovered was 162 mg.

The elemental composition of the as-synthesized FePt particle materials was obtained by inductively coupled plasma–atomic emission spectrometry. The samples were precipitated from hexane dispersions by adding ethanol and then drying. The analysis was performed at Galbraith Laboratories (Knoxville TN).

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An example is as follows: 0.02 ml of hexane-dispersed FePt nanoparticles (equivalent to ∼5 mg/ml) was deposited on a SiO 2 /Si substrate (∼0.5 cm by 1 cm). The solvent was allowed to evaporate slowly (∼5 min) at room temperature. The as-deposited thin film was then transferred into a N 2 glove box (O 2 concentration <2 ppm) and annealed in a Thermolyne 1300 furnace. The temperature was raised to 550°C from room temperature over a period of 13 min and maintained for 30 min. The sample was taken out of the furnace and cooled to room temperature in the N 2 box. Composition and thickness of the FePt nanocrystal assembly were determined by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry. This procedure yielded a ∼120-nm-thick FePt nanocrystal assembly.

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We thank J. Bruley and A. Kellock for their help with high-resolution TEM and Rutherford backscattering measurements. D.W. and L.F. gratefully acknowledge support by Advanced Materials Research Institute and the Department of Defense/ Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency through grant MDA 972-97-1-003.