Nội dung được dịch bởi AI, chỉ mang tính chất tham khảo
Các biện pháp khuyến khích tiền tệ nhằm tránh nạn chặt phá rừng theo chương trình giảm phát thải từ việc phá rừng và suy thoái rừng (REDD+) trong chiến lược giảm thiểu biến đổi khí hậu tại Tanzania
Tóm tắt
Bài báo ước tính và so sánh mức thanh toán REDD+ cần thiết để bù đắp cho chi phí cơ hội (OC) của việc ngừng chuyển đổi rừng núi và rừng miombo thành đất canh tác ở hai vùng khí hậu nông nghiệp tại khu vực Morogoro, Tanzania. Dữ liệu thu thập từ 250 hộ gia đình đã được sử dụng để ước tính chi phí cơ hội. Thanh toán REDD+ được tính toán dưới dạng giá trị hiện tại ròng (NPV) của tiền thuê đất nông nghiệp và tiền thuê rừng trong quá trình giải phóng đất, trừ đi lợi nhuận ròng từ khai thác gỗ bền vững, chia cho lượng carbon tương ứng được giảm. Mức bồi thường trung vị cần thiết để bảo vệ lượng carbon hiện tại tại hai loại thảm thực vật dao động từ 1 USD tCO2e−1 cho rừng núi đến 39 USD tCO2e−1 cho rừng miombo bị suy thoái, trong đó tối đa 70% và 16% tương ứng là bồi thường cho chi phí cơ hội từ tiền thuê rừng trong quá trình giải phóng đất. Các con số trên cao hơn đáng kể khi không tính đến chi phí lao động của nông dân trong các phép tính NPV. Kết quả cũng cho thấy rằng, các khuyến khích dưới hình thức khai thác bền vững có thể bù đắp lên tới 55% tổng chi phí cơ hội trung vị để bảo vệ rừng núi và lên tới 45% để bảo vệ rừng miombo, tùy thuộc vào mức lương. Những phát hiện cho thấy rằng, với các yếu tố có thể ảnh hưởng đến ước tính thanh toán REDD+, việc tránh việc chặt phá rừng núi là khả thi trong khuôn khổ chương trình REDD+. Tuy nhiên, việc thực hiện chính sách tại các làng xung quanh khu vực miombo sẽ cần mức bồi thường rất cao.
Từ khóa
#REDD+ #chi phí cơ hội #bồi thường #rừng núi #rừng miombo #phát thải carbon #chính sách môi trườngTài liệu tham khảo
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