Molekulare Karyotypisierung in der klinischen Diagnostik

medizinische genetik - Tập 20 Số 4 - Trang 386-394 - 2008
Anita Rauch1
1Aff1_135 grid.5330.5 0000000121073311 Humangenetisches Institut Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Schwabachanlage 10 91054 Erlangen Deutschland

Tóm tắt

Zusammenfassung Molekulare Karyotypisierung bezeichnet die genomweite Analyse bezüglich genetischer Kopienzahlveränderungen mit Hilfe von Arrays, welche das Genom mehr oder weniger dicht mit molekularen Markern abdecken. Die Hauptanwendung in der klinischen Diagnostik liegt derzeit bei der Analyse von Patienten mit geistiger Behinderung und multiplen Anomalien unbekannter Ursache. Bei ihnen lassen sich nach Ausschluss von konventionell-zytogenetisch sichtbaren Aberrationen, kryptischen subtelomerischen Aberrationen und klinisch gut erkennbaren, häufigen Mikrodeletionssyndromen in rund 10% der Fälle mittels molekularer Karyotypisierung chromosomale Mikroaberrationen nachweisen. Hierdurch konnten in den letzten Jahren zahlreiche neue Mikrodeletions- und -duplikationssyndrome charakterisiert werden, jedoch wurde auch ersichtlich, dass die Interpretation von Einzelbefunden aufgrund der großen Anzahl an genomischen Kopienzahlpolymorphismen nicht trivial ist.

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