Molecular biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease: progress and prospects

DMM Disease Models and Mechanisms - Tập 11 Số 5 - 2018
Tammaryn Lashley1, Jonathan M. Schott2, Philip S.J. Weston2, Christina E. Murray1, Henny Wellington3,4, Ashvini Keshavan2, Sandrine C. Foti1, Martha Foiani3,4, Jamie Toombs3,4, Jonathan D. Rohrer2, Amanda Heslegrave3,4, Henrik Zetterberg5,3,6,4
1Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
2Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
3Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
4UK Dementia Research Institute, London WC1N 3BG, UK
5Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal S-431 80, Sweden
6Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal S-431 80, Sweden

Tóm tắt

ABSTRACT The neurodegenerative disorder Alzheimer's disease is characterised by the formation of β-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain parenchyma, which cause synapse and neuronal loss. This leads to clinical symptoms, such as progressive memory deficits. Clinically, these pathological changes can be detected in the cerebrospinal fluid and with brain imaging, although reliable blood tests for plaque and tangle pathologies remain to be developed. Plaques and tangles often co-exist with other brain pathologies, including aggregates of transactive response DNA-binding protein 43 and Lewy bodies, but the extent to which these contribute to the severity of Alzheimer's disease is currently unknown. In this ‘At a glance’ article and poster, we summarise the molecular biomarkers that are being developed to detect Alzheimer's disease and its related pathologies. We also highlight the biomarkers that are currently in clinical use and include a critical appraisal of the challenges associated with applying these biomarkers for diagnostic and prognostic purposes of Alzheimer's disease and related neurodegenerative disorders, also in their prodromal clinical phases.

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