Molecular Mechanisms Behind Anti SARS-CoV-2 Action of Lactoferrin

Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences - Tập 8
Mattia Miotto1,2, Lorenzo Di Rienzo2, Leonardo Bò2, Alberto Boffi3,2, G. Ruocco1,2, Edoardo Milanetti1,2
1Department of Physics, University of Rome “La Sapienza”, Rome, Italy
2Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Center for Life Nano Science, Rome, Italy
3Department of Biochemical Sciences "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza University., Rome, Italy

Tóm tắt

Despite the huge effort to contain the infection, the novel SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus has rapidly become pandemic, mainly due to its extremely high human-to-human transmission capability, and a surprisingly high viral charge of symptom-less people. While the seek for a vaccine is still ongoing, promising results have been obtained with antiviral compounds. In particular, lactoferrin is regarded to have beneficial effects both in preventing and soothing the infection. Here, we explore the possible molecular mechanisms with which lactoferrin interferes with SARS-CoV-2 cell invasion, preventing attachment and/or entry of the virus. To this aim, we search for possible interactions lactoferrin may have with virus structural proteins and host receptors. Representing the molecular iso-electron surface of proteins in terms of 2D-Zernike descriptors, we 1) identified putative regions on the lactoferrin surface able to bind sialic acid present on the host cell membrane, sheltering the cell from the virus attachment; 2) showed that no significant shape complementarity is present between lactoferrin and the ACE2 receptor, while 3) two high complementarity regions are found on the N- and C-terminal domains of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, hinting at a possible competition between lactoferrin and ACE2 for the binding to the spike protein.

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Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences

Tập 8

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