Modulation of RANTES expression by HCV core protein in liver derived cell lines

BMC Gastroenterology - Tập 7 Số 1 - Trang 1-10 - 2007
Ruggieri, Anna1, Franco, Marina1, Gatto, Ilaria1, Kumar, Ajit2, Rapicetta, Maria1
1Viral Hepatitis Unit, Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
2Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and of Genetics, The George Washington University, Washington, USA

Tóm tắt

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is associated with high percentage of chronicity which implies the ability of the virus to evade or modulate host cell immune system. Modulation of chemokines, such as RANTES may be part of the virus induced pathogenicity. We examined the effect of core and structural proteins of HCV on RANTES expression in two liver derived cell lines, HepG2 and Chang Liver (CHL). HepG2 and Chang Liver (CHL) cell lines were established and selected for constitutive expression of HCV core and structural genes. Flow cytometry and quantitative RT-PCR analysis were performed to examine the effect of HCV core protein on RANTES expression. Luciferase analysis after RANTES-Luc-promoter transfection of established cell lines was assayed by luminometer measurements (RLU) of RANTES promoter activity. IRF-1 and IRF-7 expression was then examined by immunoblotting analysis. Results of flow cytometry and RT-PCR analysis indicated that RANTES is differentially regulated by HCV core protein in the two cell lines examined as its expression was inhibited in HepG2 cells, by a reduction of RANTES promoter activity. Conversely, RANTES protein and mRNA were induced by the core protein in CHL cells, through the induction of the promoter. Since HCV genome modulates IRF-1 and IRF-7 in replicon system and IRF-1, IRF-3 and IRF-7 have been reported to regulate RANTES promoter in various cell systems, analysis of the mechanism underlying RANTES modulation by the core protein revealed that IRF-1 expression was induced in HepG2 cells by the core protein, whereas in CHL cells it was expressed at a very low level that was not influenced by transfection with the core protein construct. This suggested that IRF-1 level may mediate the expression of RANTES in cell lines of liver origin. The effect of the core protein on RANTES promoter was countered by co-transfection with NF90, a double-stranded-RNA binding protein that activates some interferon response genes and acts as a component of cell defense against viral infection. HCV core protein have opposite effects on the expression of RANTES in different cell types in vitro, possibly reflecting a similar scenario in different microenvironments in vivo.

Tài liệu tham khảo

citation_journal_title=CA Cancer J Clin; citation_title=Global cancer statistics 2002; citation_author=DM Parkin, F Bray, J Ferlay, P Pisani; citation_volume=55; citation_publication_date=2005; citation_pages=74-108; citation_doi=10.3322/canjclin.55.2.74; citation_id=CR1 citation_journal_title=N Engl J Med; citation_title=Rising incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in the United States; citation_author=HB El Serag, AC Mason; citation_volume=340; citation_publication_date=1999; citation_pages=745-750; citation_doi=10.1056/NEJM199903113401001; citation_id=CR2 citation_journal_title=Gastroenterology; citation_title=Increased survival of cirrhotic patients with a hepatocellular carcinoma detected during surveillance; citation_author=A Sangiovanni, E Del Ninno, P Fasani, C De Fazio, G Ronchi, R Romeo, A Morabito, R De Franchis, M Colombo; citation_volume=126; citation_publication_date=2004; citation_pages=1005-1014; citation_doi=10.1053/j.gastro.2003.12.049; citation_id=CR3 citation_journal_title=Gastroenterology; citation_title=Hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhosis: incidence and risk factors; citation_author=G Fattovich, T Stroffolini, I Zagni, F Donato; citation_volume=127; citation_publication_date=2004; citation_pages=S35-S50; citation_doi=10.1053/j.gastro.2004.09.014; citation_id=CR4 citation_journal_title=J Virol; citation_title=Viral regulation of RANTES expression during human cytomegalovirus infection of endothelial cells; citation_author=M Billstrom Schroeder, GS Worthen; citation_volume=75; citation_publication_date=2001; citation_pages=3383-3390; citation_doi=10.1128/JVI.75.7.3383-3390.2001; citation_id=CR5 citation_journal_title=Virology; citation_title=Involvement of oxidative stress, NF-IL-6, and RANTES expression in dengue-2-virus-infected human liver cells; citation_author=YL Lin, CC Liu, JI Chuang, HY Lei, TM Yeh, YS Lin, YH Huang, HS Liu; citation_volume=276; citation_publication_date=2000; citation_pages=114-126; citation_doi=10.1006/viro.2000.0524; citation_id=CR6 citation_journal_title=Immunobiology; citation_title=Defense against influenza A virus infection: essential role of the chemokine system; citation_author=A Kaufmann, R Salentin, RG Meyer, D Bussfeld, C Pauligk, H Fesq, P Hofmann, M Nain, D Gemsa, H Sprenger; citation_volume=204; citation_publication_date=2001; citation_pages=603-613; citation_doi=10.1078/0171-2985-00099; citation_id=CR7 citation_journal_title=Immunol Lett; citation_title=A dual role for tumor-derived chemokine RANTES (CCL5); citation_author=EP Adler, CA Lemken, NS Katchen, RA Kurt; citation_volume=90; citation_publication_date=2003; citation_pages=187-194; citation_doi=10.1016/j.imlet.2003.09.013; citation_id=CR8 citation_journal_title=J Invest Dermatol; citation_title=The role of chemokines in melanoma tumor growth and metastasis; citation_author=AS Payne, LA Cornelius; citation_volume=118; citation_publication_date=2002; citation_pages=915-922; citation_doi=10.1046/j.1523-1747.2002.01725.x; citation_id=CR9 citation_journal_title=Cancer Res; citation_title=The CC chemokine RANTES in breast carcinoma progression: regulation of expression and potential mechanisms of pro-malignant activity; citation_author=E Azenshtein, G Luboshits, S Shina, E Neumark, D Shahbazian, M Weil, N Wigler, I Keydar, A Ben-Baruch; citation_volume=62; citation_publication_date=2002; citation_pages=1093-1102; citation_id=CR10 citation_journal_title=Clin Cancer Res; citation_title=RANTES expression is a predictor of survival in stage I lung adenocarcinoma; citation_author=CJ Moran, DA Arenberg, CC Huang, TJ Giordano, DG Thomas, DE Misek, G Chen, MD Iannettoni, MB Orringer, S Hanash, DG Beer; citation_volume=8; citation_publication_date=2002; citation_pages=3803-3812; citation_id=CR11 citation_journal_title=Gut; citation_title=The CCR5-Δ32 mutation: impact on disease outcome in individuals with hepatitis C infection from a single source; citation_author=C Goulding, A Murphy, G MacDonald, S Barrett, J Crowe, J Hegarty, S McKiernan, D Kelleher; citation_volume=54; citation_publication_date=2005; citation_pages=1157-1161; citation_doi=10.1136/gut.2004.055699; citation_id=CR12 citation_journal_title=Hepatology; citation_title=Association of genetic variants of the chemokine receptor CCR5 and its ligands, RANTES and MCP-2, with outcome of HCV infection; citation_author=S Hellier, AJ Frodsham, BJ Hennig, P Klenerman, S Knapp, P Ramaley, J Satsangi, M Wright, L Zhang, HC Thomas, M Thursz, AV Hill; citation_volume=38; citation_publication_date=2003; citation_pages=1468-1476; citation_doi=10.1053/jhep.2003.09027; citation_id=CR13 citation_journal_title=J Antimicrob Chemother; citation_title=CC-chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) in hepatitis C – at the crossroads of the antiviral immune response?; citation_author=G Ahlenstiel, RP Woitas, J Rockstroh, U Spengler; citation_volume=53; citation_publication_date=2004; citation_pages=895-898; citation_doi=10.1093/jac/dkh239; citation_id=CR14 citation_journal_title=J Infect Dis; citation_title=Reduced CC chemokine receptor (CCR) 1 and CCR5 surface expression on peripheral blood T lymphocytes from patients with chronic hepatitis C infection; citation_author=M Lichterfeld, L Leifeld, HD Nischalke, JK Rockstroh, L Hess, T Sauerbruch, U Spengler; citation_volume=185; citation_publication_date=2002; citation_pages=1803-1807; citation_doi=10.1086/340829; citation_id=CR15 citation_journal_title=Am J Gastroenterol; citation_title=Increased expression of T cell chemokines and their receptors in chronic hepatitis C: relationship with the histological activity of liver disease; citation_author=A Apolinario, PL Majano, E Alvarez-Pérez, A Saez, C Lozano, J Vargas, C Garcia-Monzòn; citation_volume=97; citation_publication_date=2002; citation_pages=2861-2870; citation_doi=10.1111/j.1572-0241.2002.07054.x; citation_id=CR16 citation_journal_title=Mediators Inflamm; citation_title=Semiquantitative analysis of intrahepatic CC-chemokine mRNas in chronic hepatitis C; citation_author=HD Nischalke, J Nattremann, HP Fischer, T Sauerbruch, U Spengler, FL Dumoulin; citation_volume=13; citation_publication_date=2004; citation_pages=357-359; citation_doi=10.1080/09629350400003159; citation_id=CR17 citation_journal_title=Virology; citation_title=Expression of a full-length hepatitis C virus cDNA up-regulates the expression of CC chemokines MCP-1 and RANTES; citation_author=HM Soo, A Garzino-Demo, W Hong, YH Tan, YJ Tan, P-Y Goh, SG Lim, SP Lim; citation_volume=303; citation_publication_date=2002; citation_pages=253-277; citation_doi=10.1006/viro.2002.1617; citation_id=CR18 citation_journal_title=J Viral Hepatol; citation_title=Gene expression profile of T-cell-specific chemokines in human hepatocyte-derived cells: evidence for a synergistic inducer effect of cytokines and hepatitis C virus proteins; citation_author=A Apolinario, PL Majano, R Lorente, O Nunez, G Clemente, C Garcia-Monzon; citation_volume=12; citation_publication_date=2005; citation_pages=27-37; citation_doi=10.1111/j.1365-2893.2005.00540.x; citation_id=CR19 citation_journal_title=J Viral Hepatol; citation_title=Binding of HCV E2 to CD81 induces RANTES secretion and internalization of CC chemokine receptor 5; citation_author=J Nattermann, HD Nischalke, G Feldmann, G Ahlenstiel, T Sauerbruch, U Spengler; citation_volume=11; citation_publication_date=2004; citation_pages=519-526; citation_doi=10.1111/j.1365-2893.2004.00545.x; citation_id=CR20 citation_journal_title=Hepatology; citation_title=Hepatitis C virus core protein stimulates hepatocyte growth: correlation with upregulation of wnt-1 expression; citation_author=T Fukutomi, Y Zhou, S Kawai, H Eguchi, JR Wands, J Li; citation_volume=41; citation_publication_date=2005; citation_pages=1096-1105; citation_doi=10.1002/hep.20668; citation_id=CR21 citation_journal_title=J Hepatol; citation_title=Proapoptotic effect of hepatitis C virus CORE protein in transiently transfected cells is enhanced by nuclear localization and is dependent on PKR activation; citation_author=S Realdon, M Gerotto, F Dal Pero, O Marin, A Granato, G Basso, M Muraca, A Alberti; citation_volume=40; citation_publication_date=2004; citation_pages=77-85; citation_doi=10.1016/j.jhep.2003.09.017; citation_id=CR22 citation_journal_title=Virology; citation_title=Sensitization to Fas-mediated apoptosis by hepatitis C virus core protein; citation_author=A Ruggieri, T Harada, Y Matsuura, T Miyamura; citation_volume=229; citation_publication_date=1997; citation_pages=68-76; citation_doi=10.1006/viro.1996.8420; citation_id=CR23 citation_journal_title=Science; citation_title=HCV persistence and immune evasion in the absence of memory T cell help; citation_author=A Grakui, NH Shoukry, DJ Woollard, JH Han, HL Hanson, J Ghrayeb, KK Murthy, CM Rice, CM Walker; citation_volume=302; citation_publication_date=2003; citation_pages=659-662; citation_doi=10.1126/science.1088774; citation_id=CR24 citation_journal_title=J Biol Chem; citation_title=Hepatitis C virus core selectively suppresses IL-12synthesis in human macrophages by interfering with AP-1 activation; citation_author=AL Eisen-Vandervelde, SN Waggoner, ZO Yao, EM Cale, CS Hahn, YS Hahn; citation_volume=279; citation_publication_date=2004; citation_pages=43479-43486; citation_doi=10.1074/jbc.M407640200; citation_id=CR25 citation_journal_title=J Gen Virol; citation_title=Hepatitis C virus core protein induces hepatic steatosis in transgenic mice; citation_author=K Moriya, H Yotsuyanagi, Y Shintani, H Fujie, K Ishibashi, Y Matsuura, T Miyamura, K Koike; citation_volume=78; citation_publication_date=1997; citation_pages=1527-1531; citation_doi=10.1099/0022-1317-78-7-1527; citation_id=CR26 citation_journal_title=Nat Med; citation_title=The core protein of hepatitis C virus induces hepatocellular carcinoma in transgenic mice; citation_author=K Moriya, H Fujie, Y Shintani, H Yotsuyanagi, T Tsutsumi, K Ishibashi, Y Matsuura, S Kimura, T Miyamura, K Koike; citation_volume=4; citation_publication_date=1998; citation_pages=1065-1067; citation_doi=10.1038/2053; citation_id=CR27 citation_journal_title=J Immunol; citation_title=Regulation of RANTES chemokine gene expression requires cooperativity between NF-kB and IFN-regulatory factor transcription factors; citation_author=P Genin, M Algartè, P Roof, R Lin, J Hiscott; citation_volume=164; citation_publication_date=2000; citation_pages=5352-5361; citation_doi=10.4049/jimmunol.164.10.5352; citation_id=CR28 citation_journal_title=J Interferon Citokine Res; citation_title=Effect of the hepatitis C virus core protein on innate cellular defense pathways; citation_author=K Miller, S McArdle, MJ Gale, DA Geller, B Tenoever, J Hiscott, DR Gretch, SJ Polyak; citation_volume=24; citation_publication_date=2004; citation_pages=391-402; citation_doi=10.1089/1079990041535647; citation_id=CR29 citation_journal_title=J Virol; citation_title=Regulation of hepatitis C virus replication by interferon regulatory factor 1; citation_author=N Kanazawa, M Kurosaki, N Sakamoto, N Enomoto, Y Itsui, T Yamashiro, Y Tanabe, S Maekawa, M Nakagawa, CH Chen, S Kakinuma, S Oshima, T Nakamura, T Kato, T Wakita, M Watanabe; citation_volume=78; citation_publication_date=2004; citation_pages=9713-9720; citation_doi=10.1128/JVI.78.18.9713-9720.2004; citation_id=CR30 citation_journal_title=Hepatology; citation_title=Hepatitis C virus inhibits intracellular interferon alpha expression in human hepatic cell lines; citation_author=T Zhang, RT Lin, Y Li, SD Douglas, C Maxcey, C Ho, JP Lai, YJ Wang, Q Wan, WZ Ho; citation_volume=42; citation_publication_date=2005; citation_pages=819-827; citation_doi=10.1002/hep.20854; citation_id=CR31 citation_journal_title=Mol Cell Biol; citation_title=The RNA binding protein nuclear factor 90 functions as both a positive and negative regulator of gene expression in mammalian cells; citation_author=TW Reichman, LC Muniz, MB Mathews; citation_volume=22; citation_publication_date=2002; citation_pages=343-356; citation_doi=10.1128/MCB.22.1.343-356.2002; citation_id=CR32 citation_journal_title=EMBO J; citation_title=Members of the NF90/NFAR protein group are involved in the life cycle of a positive-strand RNA virus; citation_author=O Isken, CW Grassmann, RT Sarisky, M Kann, S Zhang, F Grosse, PN Kao, SE Behrens; citation_volume=22; citation_publication_date=2003; citation_pages=5655-5665; citation_doi=10.1093/emboj/cdg562; citation_id=CR33 citation_journal_title=AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses; citation_title=Nuclear Factor 90 mediates activation of the cellular antiviral expression cascade; citation_author=I Krasnoselskaya-Riz, A Spruill, YW Chen, D Schuster, T Teslovich, C Baker, A Kumar, DA Stephan; citation_volume=18; citation_publication_date=2002; citation_pages=591-604; citation_doi=10.1089/088922202753747941; citation_id=CR34 citation_journal_title=J Gen Virol; citation_title=Characterization of an established human hepatoma cell line constitutively expressing non-structural proteins of hepatitis C virus by transfection of viral cDNA; citation_author=T Harada, DW Kim, K Sagawa, T Suzuki, K Takahashi, I Saito, Y Matsuura, T Miyamura; citation_volume=76; citation_publication_date=1995; citation_pages=1215-1221; citation_doi=10.1099/0022-1317-76-5-1215; citation_id=CR35 citation_journal_title=Gene; citation_title=Efficient selection for high-expression transfectants with a novel eukaryotic vector; citation_author=H Niwa, K Yamamura, J Miyazaki; citation_volume=108; citation_publication_date=1991; citation_pages=193-199; citation_doi=10.1016/0378-1119(91)90434-D; citation_id=CR36 citation_journal_title=J Biol Chem; citation_title=Interferon regulatory factor 1 is an essential and indirect transcriptional activator for IFNγ-induced RANTES/CCL5 expression in macrophages; citation_author=J Liu, X Guan, X Ma; citation_volume=280; citation_publication_date=2005; citation_pages=24347-24355; citation_doi=10.1074/jbc.M500973200; citation_id=CR37 citation_journal_title=Hepatology; citation_title=Expression and function of CXC and CC chemokines in human malignant liver tumors: a role for human monokine induced by gamma-interferon in lymphocyte recruitment to hepatocellular carcinoma; citation_author=KF Yoong, SC Afford, R Jones, P Aujla, S Qin, K Price, SG Hubscher, DH Adams; citation_volume=30; citation_publication_date=1999; citation_pages=100-111; citation_doi=10.1002/hep.510300147; citation_id=CR38