Mô hình, phương pháp và công cụ cho việc suy diễn nguồn gốc tổ tiên và phân tích sự pha trộn di truyền

Quantitative Biology - Tập 5 - Trang 236-250 - 2017
Kai Yuan1,2, Ying Zhou1,2, Xumin Ni3, Yuchen Wang1,2, Chang Liu1,2, Shuhua Xu1,2,4,5
1CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Max Planck Independent Research Group on Population Genomics, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, CAS, Shanghai, China
2University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
3Department of Mathematics, School of Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China
4School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
5Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Shanghai, China

Tóm tắt

Sự pha trộn di truyền đề cập đến quá trình hoặc hậu quả của việc giao phối giữa hai hoặc nhiều quần thể bị cách ly trước đó trong cùng một loài. So với nhiều lực lượng tiến hóa khác như đột biến, trôi gen, và chọn lọc tự nhiên, sự pha trộn di truyền là một cơ chế nhanh chóng để hình thành sự đa dạng về gen trong quần thể. Đặc biệt, sự pha trộn dẫn đến việc “tái tổ hợp” các biến thể di truyền đã được cố định trong những quần thể khác nhau, điều này có nhiều hệ quả tiến hóa và y học. Tuy nhiên, việc tái tạo chính xác lịch sử pha trộn của quần thể và hiểu biết về động lực của sự pha trộn quần thể là một thách thức. Trong bài đánh giá này, chúng tôi cung cấp một cái nhìn tổng quan về các mô hình, phương pháp và công cụ cho việc suy diễn nguồn gốc tổ tiên và phân tích sự pha trộn. Nhiều phương pháp và công cụ được sử dụng cho phân tích sự pha trộn ban đầu được phát triển để phân tích dữ liệu con người, nhưng những phương pháp này cũng có thể được áp dụng trực tiếp và/hoặc điều chỉnh nhẹ để nghiên cứu các loài không phải con người.

Từ khóa

#pha trộn di truyền #suy diễn tổ tiên #đa dạng di truyền #mô hình phân tích

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