Modeling a Paradigm Shift: From Producer Innovation to User and Open Collaborative Innovation

Organization Science - Tập 22 Số 6 - Trang 1399-1417 - 2011
Carliss Y. Baldwin1,2,3, Eric von Hippel1,2,3
1Harvard Business School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02163
2Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences (INFORMS) INFORMS is located in Maryland, USA
3Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02141,

Tóm tắt

In this paper, we assess the economic viability of innovation by producers relative to two increasingly important alternative models: innovations by single-user individuals or firms and open collaborative innovation. We analyze the design costs and architectures and communication costs associated with each model. We conclude that both innovation by individual users and open collaborative innovation increasingly compete with and may displace producer innovation in many parts of the economy. We explain why this represents a paradigm shift with respect to innovation research, policy making, and practice. We discuss important implications and offer suggestions for further research.

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