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Các can thiệp dựa trên chánh niệm và các can thiệp thông tin chánh niệm tại nơi làm việc: Một tổng quan hệ thống và phân tích hồi quy meta của các thử nghiệm ngẫu nhiên có đối chứng
Tóm tắt
Các tác động tích cực của các can thiệp dựa trên chánh niệm (MBIs) đối với sức khỏe nghề nghiệp đã được chứng minh qua một số nghiên cứu tổng quan hệ thống trong hai thập kỷ qua. Đến nay, các đánh giá hiện có đã loại trừ các can thiệp thông tin chánh niệm (MIIs) xây dựng trên các phương pháp không chính thức hoặc các kỹ thuật hỗn hợp nhằm cải thiện chánh niệm một cách gián tiếp. Để giải quyết khoảng trống nghiên cứu này, phân tích tổng hợp meta toàn diện hiện tại tổng hợp các kết quả của các thử nghiệm ngẫu nhiên có đối chứng (RCTs) của MBIs và MIIs được thực hiện trong nhiều môi trường làm việc khác nhau. Một tìm kiếm tài liệu hệ thống đã được thực hiện trong năm cơ sở dữ liệu điện tử được bổ sung bằng tìm kiếm thủ công. Các mô hình ngẫu nhiên đã được sử dụng để tổng hợp sự khác biệt trung bình chuẩn hóa (SMDs) cho 25 kết quả và bảy loại kết quả tổng quát, và để phát hiện các hiệu ứng tạm thời khác nhau. Các phân tích hồi quy meta đã được thực hiện để làm rõ SMDs trung bình giữa các loại can thiệp chánh niệm và các đặc điểm can thiệp cũng như đặc điểm dân số, với mục tiêu phát hiện nguồn gốc của tính đồng nhất và giúp hướng dẫn việc lựa chọn loại can thiệp chánh niệm phù hợp nhất. Dựa trên 91 nghiên cứu đủ tiêu chuẩn (từ 92 ấn phẩm), bao gồm 4927 người tham gia và 4448 nhóm đối chứng, tổng hợp cho thấy MBIs và MIIs cải thiện đáng kể chánh niệm (SMD = 0.43; 95%-CI [0.33;0.52]), sức khỏe tâm thần (SMD = 0.63; 95%-CI [0.34;0.93]), sức khỏe tinh thần (SMD = 0.67; 95%-CI [0.48;0.86]), căng thẳng (SMD = 0.72; 95%-CI [0.54;0.90]), khả năng phục hồi (SMD = 1.06; 95%-CI [−0.22;2.34]), sức khỏe thể chất (SMD = 0.45; 95%-CI [0.32;0.59]), và các yếu tố liên quan đến công việc (SMD = 0.62; 95%-CI [0.14;1.10]). Các phân tích độ nhạy cho thấy có xu hướng về kích thước hiệu ứng nhỏ hơn do các giá trị ngoại lệ cực lớn. Các kích thước hiệu ứng ổn định trong các đánh giá theo dõi ngắn hạn (1-12 tuần) cho hầu hết các kết quả, nhưng không cho các đánh giá theo dõi dài hạn (13-52 tuần). Các phân tích hồi quy meta gợi ý rằng các đặc điểm can thiệp có thể quan sát được (ví dụ: cung cấp trực tuyến) và đặc điểm dân số (ví dụ: độ tuổi của người tham gia), cũng như chất lượng nghiên cứu, không giải thích được sự phổ biến của tính đồng nhất trong các kích thước hiệu ứng. Nhìn chung, các can thiệp chánh niệm hiệu quả là một công cụ hữu ích để nâng cao các khía cạnh sức khỏe của nhân viên. Tuy nhiên, do sự không đồng nhất và rủi ro thiên lệch, các nghiên cứu nhằm thu thập dữ liệu chất lượng cao và báo cáo đầy đủ là cần thiết để đưa ra kết luận vững chắc. Một hồ sơ của tổng quan hệ thống này đã được đăng ký với PROSPERO (Số đăng ký: CRD42020159927).
Từ khóa
#chánh niệm #can thiệp chánh niệm #sức khỏe nghề nghiệp #phân tích hồi quy meta #thử nghiệm ngẫu nhiên có đối chứngTài liệu tham khảo
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