Metonitazene in the United States—Forensic toxicology assessment of a potent new synthetic opioid using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry

Drug Testing and Analysis - Tập 13 Số 10 - Trang 1697-1711 - 2021
Alex J. Krotulski1,2, Donna M Papsun3, Sara E. Walton1,2, Barry K. Logan1,2,3
1Center for Forensic Science Research and Education, Fredric Rieders Family Foundation, Willow Grove, Pennsylvania, USA
2College of Life Sciences, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
3NMS Labs, Horsham, Pennsylvania, USA

Tóm tắt

AbstractMetonitazene is considered a new psychoactive substance (NPS) and emerging potent synthetic opioid, causing increased public health concern beginning in 2020. Metonitazene joins a growing list of new synthetic opioids (NSOs) contributing to deaths among people who use drugs in the United States and other parts of the world. Metonitazene (a 2‐benzylbenzimidazole analogue) first appeared in mid‐2020 in the recreational drug supply and subsequently began proliferating in death investigation casework towards the end of 2020. Screening and metabolite discovery were performed by liquid chromatography quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry. Quantitative confirmation was performed by liquid chromatography tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry. Metonitazene was confirmed in 20 authentic forensic postmortem cases with an average concentration in blood at 6.3 ± 7.5 ng/ml (median: 3.8 ng/ml, range: 0.5–33 ng/ml, n = 18) and in urine at 15 ± 13 ng/ml (median: 11 ng/ml, range: 0.6–46 ng/ml, n = 14). Metonitazene was the only opioid identified in 30% of cases but was also found in combination with fentanyl (55%) and NPS benzodiazepines, opioids, and hallucinogens (45%). Medical examiners included metonitazene as a drug responsible for the cause of death, and the manner of death was always ruled to be an accident. The metabolism of metonitazene was found to be similar to that of isotonitazene, a closely related analogue. Toxicology laboratories and death investigators should ensure that metonitazene is included in forensic testing protocols, all while remaining vigilant for subsequent NSOs to emerge.

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Drug Testing and Analysis

Tập 13 Số 10

1697-1711

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