Nồng độ Kim Loại và Phản Ứng của Ấu Trùng Chironomid Khi Bị Phơi Bày Trước Nước Thải từ Nhà Máy Bột Giấy và Giấy tại Thái Lan

Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 99 - Trang 548-554 - 2017
Natsima Tokhun1, Chuleemas Boonthai Iwai1,2,3, Barry N. Noller4
1Division of Land Resources and Environment, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
2Integrated Water Resource Management Research and Development Center in Northeast Thailand, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
3Department of Plant Science and Agricultural Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
4Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation (CMLR), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia

Tóm tắt

Các nhà máy bột giấy và giấy (PPM) có thể thải ra nước thải không được xử lý đầy đủ vào các dòng sông, gây ra ảnh hưởng nghiêm trọng đến sinh vật thuỷ sinh. Nghiên cứu này điều tra phản ứng sinh học của loài chironomid (Chironomus javanus, Kieffer) khi bị phơi bày với nước thải từ PPM. Nồng độ các chỉ số BOD, COD, TKN, TS, Cr, Cu, Pb và Zn trong nước thải rất cao. Nồng độ Cd và Cr tích lũy trong chironomid là lớn nhất. Độc tính toàn phần của nước thải đối với sinh vật thử nghiệm chironomid là đáng kể như thể hiện qua tỷ lệ sống sót và giảm khi nồng độ tăng lên. Khối lượng khô cao nhất, vỏ đầu và chiều dài của sinh vật thử nghiệm chironomid tương ứng với 100% nước thải ở một thời điểm cụ thể. Ảnh hưởng của sự pha loãng được đánh giá thông qua hoạt tính glutathione S-transferase trên chironomid và tương ứng với 6.25% nước thải trong khoảng thời gian 48-96 giờ, mà đã tăng đáng kể ở chironomid. Kết quả cho thấy chironomid nhạy cảm với nước thải từ PPM và các thử nghiệm độc tính có thể được sử dụng để đánh giá ảnh hưởng của nước thải lên các loài thủy sinh.

Từ khóa

#nước thải #chironomid #độc tính #nồng độ kim loại #nhà máy bột giấy #sinh vật thủy sinh

Tài liệu tham khảo

Ali M, Sreekrishnan TR (2001) Aquatic toxicity from pulp and paper mill effluents: a review. Adv Environ Res 5:175–196 APHA (2012) Standard method for the examination of water and wastewater, 22nd edn. American Public Health Association, Washington DC Arslan N, Koç B, Çiçek A (2010) Metal contents in water, sediment, and oligochaeta-chironomid of Lake Uluabat, a Ramsar Site of Turkey. Sci World J 10:1269–1281 Barlas N, Akbulut N, Aydoğa M (2005) Assessment of heavy metal residues in the sediment and water samples of Uluabat Lake, Turkey. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 74:286–293 Bechard KM, Gills PL, Wood CM (2008) Acute toxicity of waterborne Cd, Cu, Pb, Ni, and Zn to first-instar Chironomus riparius larvae. Arch Environ Contam Toxcol 54:454–459 Bhatnagar A (2015) Assessment of physico-chemical characteristics of paper industry effluent. RASÂYAN J Chem 8:143–145 Callaghan A, Hirthe G, Fisher T, Crane M (2001) Effect of short-term exposure to chlorpyrifos on developmental parameters and biochemical biomarkers in Chironomus roparius Meigen. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 50:19–24 Debé GM, Culp JM (1996) Growth responses of periphyton and chironomids exposed to biologically treated bleached-kraft pulp and paper mill effluent. Environ Toxicol Chem 15:2019–2027 Department of Industrial Works (2015) The report of the industry under the existing rules. Ministry of Industry, Thailand. http://www.giw.go.th. Accessed 13 Aug 2013 Devi NL, Yadav IC, Shihua QI, Singh S, Belagali SL (2011) Physicochemical characteristics of paper industry effluents-a case study of South India Paper Mill (SIPM). Environ Monit Assess 177:23–33 Dey S, Choudhury MD, Das S (2013) A review on toxicity of paper mill effluent on fish. Bull Environ Pharmacol Life Sci 2:17–23 Dilek FB, Bese G (2001) Treatment of pulping effluents by using alum and clay-colour removal and sludge characteristics. Water SA 27:361–366 Dubé MG, Culp JM (1996) Growth responses of periphyton and chironomids exposed to biologically treated bleached kraft pulp mill effluent. Environ Toxicol Chem 15:2019–2027 Finney DJ (1971) Probit analysis, 3rd edn. Cambridge University Press, New York Frouz J, Ali A, Lobinske RJ (2002) Influence of temperature on developmental rate, wing length, and larval head capsule size of pestiferous midge Chironomus crassicaudatus (Diptera: Chironomidae). J Econ Entomol 95:699–705 Hare L (1992) Aquatic insects and trace metals: bioavailability, bioaccumulation and toxicity. Crit Rev Toxicol 22:327–369 Herbig WJ, Pabst MJ, Jacoby WB (1974) Glutathione S-transferase: the first enzymatic step in mercapturic acid formation. J Biol Chem 249:7130–7139 Iwai CB, Somparn A, Noller B (2015) Potential use of acetylcholinesterase, glutathione-S-transferase and metallothionein for assessment of contaminated sediment in tropical chironomid, Chironomus javanus. J Environ Biol 36:1355–1359 Lagrana CC, Apodaca DC, David CP (2011) Chironomids as biological indicators of metal contamination in aquatic environment. Int J Environ Sci Dev 2:306–310 Marshall R (2016) Whole effluent toxicity testing guidance and test review criteria. Washington State Department of Ecology, Washington DC Massaferro J, Ashworth A, Brooks S (2008) Quaternary fossil insects from South America. In: Rabassa J (ed) The late Cenozoic of Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego. Elsevier Science, Amsterdam, pp 393–410 Meriläinen P, Oikari A (2008) Uptake of organic xenobiotics by benthic invertebrates from sediment contaminated by the pulp and paper industry. Water Res 42:1715–1725 Milani D, Reynoldson TB, Borgmann U, Kolasa J (2003) The relative sensitivity of four benthic invertebrates to metals in spiked-sediment exposures and application to contaminated field sediment. Environ Toxicol Chem 22:845–854 MINAS (1985) Minimal national standard for small pulp and paper mill industry. COINDS/23/1985. CPCB (Comprehensive Industry Document for Large Pulp and Paper Industry), New Delhi MOEF (1993) General standards for discharge of environment pollutants: effluent. Gazette Notification of Ministry of Environment and Forest, India MOST (1996) Effluent discharge standard of Thailand (No. 3). Ministry of Science Technology and Environment, Bangkok OECD (2004) Test guideline 218: sediment-water chironomid toxicity test using spiked sediment. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Paris Porinchu DF, MacDonald GM (2003) The use and application of freshwater midges (Chironomidae: Insecta: Diptera) in geographical research. Prog Phys Geog 27:378–422 Rencoret J, Gutie´rrez A, Nieto L et al (2011) Lignin composition and structure in young versus adult Eucalyptus globulus Plants. Plant Physiol 155:667–682 Shioaimi-Othman M, Yakub N, Umirah NS, Abas A (2011) Toxicity of eight metals to Malaysian freshwater midge larvae Chironomius javanus (Diptera, Chironomadae). Toxicol Ind Health 27:879–886 Simwisat K, Uttaruk P, Pramual P (2015) Morphology, cytogenetics and DNA barcode of the Chironomidae (Diptera) in Thailand. J Sci Technol MSU 34:74–84 (In Thai) Swamy NK, Singh P, Sarathy IP (2011) Precipitation of phenols from paper industry waste paper using ferric chloride. RASÁYAN J Chem 4:452–456 USEPA (1979) Toxicity of pulp and paper mill effluent: a literature review. National Technical Information Service, Virginia USEPA (2001) Final report: interlaboratory variability study of EPA short-term chronic and acute whole effluent toxicity test methods. U.S. EPA Office of Water, Washington DC Watts MMP, Pascoe D (2000) A comparative study of Chironomus riparius Meigen and Chironomus tentans, Fabricius (Diptera: Chironomidae) in aquatic toxicity tests. Arch Environ Contam Toxcol 33:299–306 Wilson MA (1975) Assessment of the sensitivity of major aquatic food chain organisms to newsprint mill effluents which are not acutely toxic to fish. Canadian Forestry Service, Ontario Yadav S, Yadav N (2014) Physicochemical study of paper mill effluent: to assess pollutant release to environment. J Environ Sci 4:1053–1057 Zheng X, Long W, Guo Y, Enbo M (2011) Effects of cadmium exposure on lipid peroxidation and the antioxidant system in fourth-instar larvae of Propsilocerus akamusi (Diptera: Chironomidae) under laboratory conditions. J Econ Entomo 104:827–832