Metabolic Effects of Fructose and the Worldwide Increase in Obesity

Physiological Reviews - Tập 90 Số 1 - Trang 23-46 - 2010
Luc Tappy1, Kim‐Anne Lê2
1Department of physiology, faculty of biology and medicine, university of Lausanne, CH-1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
2Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland

Tóm tắt

While virtually absent in our diet a few hundred years ago, fructose has now become a major constituent of our modern diet. Our main sources of fructose are sucrose from beet or cane, high fructose corn syrup, fruits, and honey. Fructose has the same chemical formula as glucose (C6H12O6), but its metabolism differs markedly from that of glucose due to its almost complete hepatic extraction and rapid hepatic conversion into glucose, glycogen, lactate, and fat. Fructose was initially thought to be advisable for patients with diabetes due to its low glycemic index. However, chronically high consumption of fructose in rodents leads to hepatic and extrahepatic insulin resistance, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and high blood pressure. The evidence is less compelling in humans, but high fructose intake has indeed been shown to cause dyslipidemia and to impair hepatic insulin sensitivity. Hepatic de novo lipogenesis and lipotoxicity, oxidative stress, and hyperuricemia have all been proposed as mechanisms responsible for these adverse metabolic effects of fructose. Although there is compelling evidence that very high fructose intake can have deleterious metabolic effects in humans as in rodents, the role of fructose in the development of the current epidemic of metabolic disorders remains controversial. Epidemiological studies show growing evidence that consumption of sweetened beverages (containing either sucrose or a mixture of glucose and fructose) is associated with a high energy intake, increased body weight, and the occurrence of metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. There is, however, no unequivocal evidence that fructose intake at moderate doses is directly related with adverse metabolic effects. There has also been much concern that consumption of free fructose, as provided in high fructose corn syrup, may cause more adverse effects than consumption of fructose consumed with sucrose. There is, however, no direct evidence for more serious metabolic consequences of high fructose corn syrup versus sucrose consumption.

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Abdel-Sayed A, 2008, Br J Nutr, 1

Adelman RC, 1967, J Biol Chem, 242, 3360, 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)95917-X

10.1152/jappl.1994.76.3.1014

10.1093/ajcn/86.4.1174

10.1152/jappl.1990.69.4.1244

10.2337/diacare.8.3.279

10.1093/ajcn/86.5.1354

10.1093/ajcn/88.3.605

10.1152/physrev.00015.2007

10.2337/diacare.12.5.337

10.1038/oby.2001.136

10.1155/2008/810961

10.1002/j.1550-8528.1999.tb00431.x

10.1001/jama.1986.03380230065027

10.1093/ajcn/72.5.1128

10.2337/diacare.15.11.1468

10.1093/jn/94.1.95

10.1172/JCI118124

10.2337/dc08-0080

10.1016/j.jhep.2008.01.035

10.1038/oby.2004.94

10.1172/JCI114313

10.1007/BF00399935

10.1016/j.metabol.2005.04.004

10.1093/jn/114.8.1413

10.2337/diab.31.6.516

10.1172/JCI113884

10.1016/S0026-0495(96)90241-3

10.1080/07315724.2005.10719449

10.1055/s-2007-1019275

Bolton-Smith C, 1994, Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord, 18, 820

10.2337/dc08-0349

10.1093/ajcn/79.4.537

10.1152/ajpregu.00680.2007

10.1002/(SICI)1099-1492(199905)12:3<145::AID-NBM559>3.0.CO;2-1

10.1042/bj3490539

Busserolles J, 2003, Magnesium Res, 16, 7

10.1093/jn/132.11.3379

10.2337/db06-1491

10.2337/db07-1403

10.1093/jn/119.9.1304

10.1073/pnas.0809255105

10.1016/0016-5085(93)90948-C

10.1136/bmj.39449.819271.BE

10.1002/art.23245

10.1093/ajcn/85.6.1511

Clark DG, 1974, J Biol Chem, 249, 2028, 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)42791-9

10.1042/bj2900701

10.1016/S0167-4781(02)00284-1

10.1097/00005176-199904000-00004

10.1001/jama.282.17.1659

10.1530/eje.0.1380240

10.1093/ajcn/34.2.184

10.1093/ajcn/39.4.525

10.2337/diacare.3.5.575

10.1152/ajpgi.00550.2004

10.1249/mss.0b013e31815adf19

10.1016/0300-9629(92)90602-M

Dallongeville J, 1992, J Lipid Res, 33, 447, 10.1016/S0022-2275(20)41611-6

10.2337/dc07-1276

10.1007/BF00400238

Delluc G, 1995, La nutrition préhistorique. Périgueux, 223

10.1016/j.febslet.2007.07.084

10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.689935

Dietze G, 1976, Int Z Vitam Ernahrungsforsch Beih, 15, 31

10.1152/ajpendo.2000.279.4.E907

10.1093/ajcn/69.2.198

10.1152/ajpendo.2001.280.5.E703

10.1152/ajpendo.90245.2008

10.1093/ajcn/85.3.651

10.1542/peds.2005-0983

10.1093/jn/121.7.1081

10.1093/ajcn/73.4.746

10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602620

10.2337/diabetes.54.7.1907

10.1080/07315724.1998.10718806

10.1152/ajpgi.1993.264.2.G285

10.1080/07315724.1999.10718831

10.1093/ajcn/87.6.1662

10.1080/09637480120092143

10.1093/ajcn/62.4.871S

10.3945/ajcn.2008.27140

10.1001/archpedi.157.9.882

10.2337/diacare.11.7.546

10.1097/00075197-200209000-00015

10.1042/bj2640107

Haidari M, 2002, J Biol Chem, 277, 31646, 10.1074/jbc.M200544200

10.1093/jn/113.9.1819

10.1093/ajcn/58.5.724S

10.1111/j.1753-4887.2005.tb00132.x

10.1172/JCI105872

10.1016/0006-3002(53)90062-6

Holloszy JO, 1992, Diabetes Mellitus and Exercise, 91

10.1093/ajcn/58.5.788S

10.1152/ajpregu.1997.272.5.R1571

10.1073/pnas.1834402100

10.1172/JCI118645

Hudgins LC, 2000, J Lipid Res, 41, 595, 10.1016/S0022-2275(20)32407-X

10.1093/ajcn/67.4.631

10.1161/01.HYP.10.5.512

10.1161/01.HYP.10.5.512

10.1093/ajh/2.6.424

International Sugar Organization., 2008, Sugar Year Book 2008

Iynedjian PB, 1993, BMJ, 293, 1

10.1152/ajpendo.1990.258.2.E288

10.1152/jappl.1993.74.5.2146

10.2337/diacare.26.4.1008

10.1172/JCI114735

10.1152/japplphysiol.00974.2003

10.1016/j.nut.2004.04.017

10.1093/jn/116.5.802

10.1152/ajpendo.1986.250.3.E325

10.1093/ajcn/27.9.926

10.1152/ajpregu.1999.276.3.R665

10.1136/adc.59.8.735

10.1152/jappl.1985.58.3.731

10.1016/j.bbadis.2008.02.007

10.1007/s00198-005-1935-z

10.1079/PHN2004669

10.3945/ajcn.2008.27336

10.1093/ajcn/84.6.1374

Lê KA, 2007, Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care, 10, 210, 10.1097/MCO.0b013e3280147711

10.1093/ndt/gfn349

10.1152/jappl.1983.55.6.1767

10.1210/en.2004-1143

Licht FO, 2005, International Sugar Economic Yearbook and Directory

10.1038/sj.ijo.0802277

10.1023/B:MCBI.0000028734.77867.d2

10.2337/dc06-0481

Livesey G, 2008, Am J Clin Nutr, 88, 1419

10.1016/S0140-6736(00)04041-1

10.1093/ajcn/18.5.369

10.1038/sj.ijo.0801446

10.3945/jn.108.098277

10.1126/science.125.3249.648

10.2337/diabetes.53.3.560

10.1093/ajcn/58.5.754S

10.1111/j.1464-5491.1987.tb00831.x

10.1111/j.1532-5415.2008.01797.x

10.1093/ajcn/74.6.737

10.1093/ajcn/72.2.369

10.1016/j.nut.2006.11.001

10.1016/j.cmet.2005.09.010

Mitsui T, 2001, J Sports Med Phys Fitness, 41, 121

10.1093/jn/137.6.1447

10.1152/ajpendo.00471.2001

10.1016/j.cmet.2009.01.011

10.1152/ajprenal.00140.2005

Newsholme EA, 1983, Biochemistry for the Medical Sciences

10.3109/00365517409114190

10.1093/ajcn/58.5.771S

10.1016/0002-9343(87)90693-0

10.1016/j.jhep.2008.02.011

Pagliassotti MJ, 2004, Recent Res Dev Physiol, 2, 337

10.1152/ajpendo.2002.282.1.E170

10.1152/ajpregu.1995.269.3.R641

10.1152/ajpregu.1996.271.5.R1319

10.1001/archinte.168.14.1487

10.1007/BF00403305

10.1042/bj2820753

10.1093/ajcn/58.5.737S

10.1093/ajcn/71.2.412

10.1093/jn/138.6.1039

10.1152/ajpgi.1997.273.3.G713

10.1053/meta.2001.22561

10.1055/s-2007-978865

10.1093/ajcn/76.4.721

10.1016/S0016-5085(99)70559-7

10.1016/S0140-6736(63)91500-9

Ravich WJ, 1983, Gastroenterology, 84, 26, 10.1016/S0016-5085(83)80162-0

10.1016/0002-9343(91)90028-V

10.1152/physrev.1995.75.3.473

10.1056/NEJM199602083340607

Reiser S, 1985, Nutr Health, 3, 203

10.1093/ajcn/42.2.242

10.1055/s-0038-1657500

10.1161/01.HYP.14.4.367

10.1093/ajcn/51.3.428

10.1016/0195-6663(91)90023-L

10.1079/BJN2002787

10.1002/hep.21499

10.1016/S0002-8223(01)00089-X

10.2337/diab.30.3.219

10.1152/japplphysiol.00878.2007

10.1161/01.CIR.89.6.2634

10.1001/jama.292.8.927

10.1152/ajpendo.1992.262.5.E591

Schwarz JM, 1993, Diabetes, 42, 39A

10.1093/ajcn/49.4.667

10.1097/00004872-199917090-00001

10.1152/ajpregu.00195.2008

10.1074/jbc.274.42.30028

10.1172/JCI10583

10.1152/ajpendo.1988.254.2.E201

10.1093/ajcn/86.6.1586

10.1093/ajcn/87.5.1194

10.1172/JCI37385

10.1172/JCI117433

10.1172/JCI118709

10.1017/S0007114508968252

10.2337/diab.46.2.204

10.1093/ajcn/58.5.766S

10.1152/ajpendo.1986.250.6.E718

10.1038/sj.ki.5002588

10.1210/jc.2003-031855

10.1210/jc.2008-2192

10.1152/ajpgi.90272.2008

10.1093/ajcn/50.5.1015

10.1016/0026-0495(90)90148-6

10.1093/jn/138.8.1452

10.1016/j.metabol.2006.10.006

10.1042/bj1260295

10.1093/ajcn/51.6.963

10.1152/ajpregu.1988.254.6.R969

Tornheim K, 1976, J Biol Chem, 251, 7322, 10.1016/S0021-9258(17)32852-1

10.1152/ajpendo.1997.273.2.E315

10.1152/ajpendo.1994.267.5.E710

10.1093/ajcn/72.5.1343s

10.1093/ajcn/48.6.1424

10.1111/j.1753-4887.2008.00037.x

10.1016/j.bone.2008.01.020

10.1210/en.2003-0870

10.1016/j.cmet.2006.06.008

10.1152/jappl.1996.81.4.1495

10.1007/BF03350889

10.1096/fasebj.8.6.8168691

10.2105/AJPH.2005.083782

10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2003.09.003

10.1172/JCI118974

10.1002/hep.22523

10.1172/JCI116542

10.1249/01.MSS.0000155399.23358.82

10.1152/ajpendo.00185.2004

10.1093/jn/135.7.1642

10.1016/j.jnutbio.2006.03.013

10.1016/0026-0495(91)90053-Y

10.1542/peds.2004-1148

10.3945/ajcn.2008.25825B

10.1249/01.mss.0000233798.62153.50

10.1016/S0140-6736(72)92791-2

10.1038/oby.2001.140

10.1093/jn/137.9.2121

10.2337/diabetes.53.5.1271

Thông tin
Thông tin xuất bản

Physiological Reviews

Tập 90 Số 1

23-46

Thông tin tác giả