Membrane transporter dimerization driven by differential lipid solvation energetics of dissociated and associated states

eLife - Tập 10
Rahul Chadda1, Nathan Bernhardt2, Elizabeth G. Kelley3, Susana C. M. Teixeira4,3, Kacie Griffith5, Alejandro Gil-Ley5,2, Tuğba N. Öztürk1, Lauren Hughes5, Ana Forsythe5, Venkatramanan Krishnamani5, José D. Faraldo‐Gómez2, Janice Robertson1
1Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, United States
2Theoretical Molecular Biophysics Laboratory, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
3NIST Center for Neutron Research, National Institute for Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, United States
4Center for Neutron Science, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, United States
5Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States

Tóm tắt

Over two-thirds of integral membrane proteins of known structure assemble into oligomers. Yet, the forces that drive the association of these proteins remain to be delineated, as the lipid bilayer is a solvent environment that is both structurally and chemically complex. In this study, we reveal how the lipid solvent defines the dimerization equilibrium of the CLC-ec1 Cl-/H+ antiporter. Integrating experimental and computational approaches, we show that monomers associate to avoid a thinned-membrane defect formed by hydrophobic mismatch at their exposed dimerization interfaces. In this defect, lipids are strongly tilted and less densely packed than in the bulk, with a larger degree of entanglement between opposing leaflets and greater water penetration into the bilayer interior. Dimerization restores the membrane to a near-native state and therefore, appears to be driven by the larger free-energy cost of lipid solvation of the dissociated protomers. Supporting this theory, we demonstrate that addition of short-chain lipids strongly shifts the dimerization equilibrium toward the monomeric state, and show that the cause of this effect is that these lipids preferentially solvate the defect. Importantly, we show that this shift requires only minimal quantities of short-chain lipids, with no measurable impact on either the macroscopic physical state of the membrane or the protein's biological function. Based on these observations, we posit that free-energy differentials for local lipid solvation define membrane-protein association equilibria. With this, we argue that preferential lipid solvation is a plausible cellular mechanism for lipid regulation of oligomerization processes, as it can occur at low concentrations and does not require global changes in membrane properties.

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Tập 10

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