Mediterranean diet pyramid today. Science and cultural updates

Public Health Nutrition - Tập 14 Số 12A - Trang 2274-2284
Anna Bach-Faig1, Elliot M Berry2, Denis Lairon3, Joan Reguant1, Antonia Trichopoulou4, S. Dernini5,6, F. Xavier Medina7, Maurizio Battino8, Rekia Belahsen9, Gemma Miranda1, Lluís Serra‐Majem10,1
1Mediterranean Diet Foundation, Barcelona, Spain
2Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolism, Braun School of Public Health, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
3Research Unit 1025 Inserm/1260 Inra/“Human Nutrition and Lipids: Bioavailability, Metabolism and Regulations”, Faculté de Médecine, Université de la Méditerranée, Marseille, France
4Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece
5Forum on Mediterranean Food Cultures, Rome, Italy
6Interuniversity International Center for Mediterranean Food Cultures Studies (CIISCAM), Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
7Department of Food Systems, Culture and Society, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya (UOC), Barcelona, Spain
8Department of Biochemistry, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
9Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Chouaïb Doukkali University, El Jadida, Morocco
10Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, PO Box 550, 35080, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain

Tóm tắt

AbstractObjectiveTo present the Mediterranean diet (MD) pyramid: a lifestyle for today.DesignA new graphic representation has been conceived as a simplified main frame to be adapted to the different nutritional and socio-economic contexts of the Mediterranean region. This review gathers updated recommendations considering the lifestyle, dietary, sociocultural, environmental and health challenges that the current Mediterranean populations are facing.Setting and SubjectsMediterranean region and its populations.ResultsMany innovations have arisen since previous graphical representations of the MD. First, the concept of composition of the ‘main meals’ is introduced to reinforce the plant-based core of the dietary pattern. Second, frugality and moderation is emphasised because of the major public health challenge of obesity. Third, qualitative cultural and lifestyle elements are taken into account, such as conviviality, culinary activities, physical activity and adequate rest, along with proportion and frequency recommendations of food consumption. These innovations are made without omitting other items associated with the production, selection, processing and consumption of foods, such as seasonality, biodiversity, and traditional, local and eco-friendly products.ConclusionsAdopting a healthy lifestyle and preserving cultural elements should be considered in order to acquire all the benefits from the MD and preserve this cultural heritage. Considering the acknowledgment of the MD as an Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO (2010), and taking into account its contribution to health and general well-being, we hope to contribute to a much better adherence to this healthy dietary pattern and its way of life with this new graphic representation.

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Public Health Nutrition

Tập 14 Số 12A

2274-2284

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