Mediterranean diet and cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies
Tóm tắt
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
Trichopoulou A, Costacou T, Bamia C, Trichopoulos D (2003) Adherence to a Mediterranean diet and survival in a Greek population. N Engl J Med 348(26):2599–2608. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa025039
Bach A, Serra-Majem L, Carrasco JL, Roman B, Ngo J, Bertomeu I, Obrador B (2006) The use of indexes evaluating the adherence to the Mediterranean diet in epidemiological studies: a review. Public Health Nutr 9(1A):132–146
Mila-Villarroel R, Bach-Faig A, Puig J, Puchal A, Farran A, Serra-Majem L, Carrasco JL (2011) Comparison and evaluation of the reliability of indexes of adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Public Health Nutr 14(12A):2338–2345. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980011002606
Dernini S, Berry EM, Serra-Majem L, La Vecchia C, Capone R, Medina FX, Aranceta-Bartrina J, Belahsen R, Burlingame B, Calabrese G, Corella D, Donini LM, Lairon D, Meybeck A, Pekcan AG, Piscopo S, Yngve A, Trichopoulou A (2016) Med Diet 4.0: the Mediterranean diet with four sustainable benefits. Public Health Nutr https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980016003177
Sofi F, Macchi C, Abbate R, Gensini GF, Casini A (2014) Mediterranean diet and health status: an updated meta-analysis and a proposal for a literature-based adherence score. Public Health Nutr 17(12):2769–2782. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1368980013003169
Schwingshackl L, Hoffmann G (2014) Adherence to Mediterranean diet and risk of cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Int J Cancer 135(8):1884–1897. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.28824
Psaltopoulou T, Sergentanis TN, Panagiotakos DB, Sergentanis IN, Kosti R, Scarmeas N (2013) Mediterranean diet, stroke, cognitive impairment, and depression: a meta-analysis. Ann Neurol 74(4):580–591. https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.23944
Sofi F, Macchi C, Abbate R, Gensini GF, Casini A (2010) Effectiveness of the Mediterranean diet: can it help delay or prevent Alzheimer’s disease? J Alzheimers Dis 20(3):795–801. https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-2010-1418
Kastorini CM, Milionis HJ, Esposito K, Giugliano D, Goudevenos JA, Panagiotakos DB (2011) The effect of Mediterranean diet on metabolic syndrome and its components: a meta-analysis of 50 studies and 534,906 individuals. J Am Coll Cardiol 57(11):1299–1313. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2010.09.073
D’Alessandro A, De Pergola G (2015) Mediterranean diet and cardiovascular disease: a critical evaluation of a priori dietary indexes. Nutrients 7(9):7863–7888. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu7095367
Liyanage T, Ninomiya T, Wang A, Neal B, Jun M, Wong MG, Jardine M, Hillis GS, Perkovic V (2016) Effects of the Mediterranean diet on cardiovascular outcomes-a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 11(8):e0159252. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0159252
Mente A, de Koning L, Shannon HS, Anand SS (2009) A systematic review of the evidence supporting a causal link between dietary factors and coronary heart disease. Arch Intern Med 169(7):659–669. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinternmed.2009.38
Grosso G, Marventano S, Yang J, Micek A, Pajak A, Scalfi L, Galvano F, Kales SN (2015) A comprehensive meta-analysis on evidence of Mediterranean diet and cardiovascular disease: are individual components equal?. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2015.1107021
Sofi F, Cesari F, Abbate R, Gensini GF, Casini A (2008) Adherence to Mediterranean diet and health status: meta-analysis. BMJ 337:a1344. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.a1344
Huedo-Medina TB, Garcia M, Bihuniak JD, Kenny A, Kerstetter J (2016) Methodologic quality of meta-analyses and systematic reviews on the Mediterranean diet and cardiovascular disease outcomes: a review. Am J Clin Nutr 103(3):841–850. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.115.112771
Dilis V, Katsoulis M, Lagiou P, Trichopoulos D, Naska A, Trichopoulou A (2012) Mediterranean diet and CHD: the Greek European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition cohort. Br J Nutr 108(4):699–709. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0007114512001821
Hoevenaar-Blom MP, Nooyens AC, Kromhout D, Spijkerman AM, Beulens JW, van der Schouw YT, Bueno-de-Mesquita B, Verschuren WM (2012) Mediterranean style diet and 12-year incidence of cardiovascular diseases: the EPIC-NL cohort study. PLoS One 7(9):e45458. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0045458
Misirli G, Benetou V, Lagiou P, Bamia C, Trichopoulos D, Trichopoulou A (2012) Relation of the traditional Mediterranean diet to cerebrovascular disease in a Mediterranean population. Am J Epidemiol 176(12):1185–1192. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kws205
Tsivgoulis G, Psaltopoulou T, Wadley VG, Alexandrov AV, Howard G, Unverzagt FW, Moy C, Howard VJ, Kissela B, Judd SE (2015) Adherence to a Mediterranean diet and prediction of incident stroke. Stroke 46(3):780–785. https://doi.org/10.1161/strokeaha.114.007894
Tektonidis TG, Akesson A, Gigante B, Wolk A, Larsson SC (2015) A Mediterranean diet and risk of myocardial infarction, heart failure and stroke: a population-based cohort study. Atherosclerosis 243(1):93–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.08.039
Hamling J, Lee P, Weitkunat R, Ambuhl M (2008) Facilitating meta-analyses by deriving relative effect and precision estimates for alternative comparisons from a set of estimates presented by exposure level or disease category. Stat Med 27(7):954–970. https://doi.org/10.1002/sim.3013
Sotos-Prieto M, Bhupathiraju SN, Mattei J, Fung TT, Li Y, Pan A, Willett WC, Rimm EB, Hu FB (2015) Changes in diet quality scores and risk of cardiovascular disease among US men and women. Circulation 132(23):2212–2219. https://doi.org/10.1161/circulationaha.115.017158
Greenland S, Longnecker MP (1992) Methods for trend estimation from summarized dose-response data, with applications to meta-analysis. Am J Epidemiol 135(11):1301–1309
Orsini NBR, Greenland S (2006) Generalized least squares for trend estimation of summarized dose-response data. Stata J 6(1):40–57
Chan R, Chan D, Woo J (2013) The association of a priori and a posterior dietary patterns with the risk of incident stroke in Chinese older people in Hong Kong. J Nutr Health Aging 17(10):866–874. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12603-013-0334-y
Reedy J, Krebs-Smith SM, Miller PE, Liese AD, Kahle LL, Park Y, Subar AF (2014) Higher diet quality is associated with decreased risk of all-cause, cardiovascular disease, and cancer mortality among older adults. J Nutr 144(6):881–889. https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.113.189407
Greenland S (1987) Quantitative methods in the review of epidemiologic literature. Epidemiol Rev 9:1–30
Higgins JP, Thompson SG (2002) Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta-analysis. Stat Med 21(11):1539–1558. https://doi.org/10.1002/sim.1186
Higgins JP, Thompson SG, Deeks JJ, Altman DG (2003) Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses. BMJ 327(7414):557–560. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.327.7414.557
Agnoli C, Krogh V, Grioni S, Sieri S, Palli D, Masala G, Sacerdote C, Vineis P, Tumino R, Frasca G, Pala V, Berrino F, Chiodini P, Mattiello A, Panico S (2011) A priori-defined dietary patterns are associated with reduced risk of stroke in a large Italian cohort. J Nutr 141(8):1552–1558. https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.111.140061
Egger M, Davey Smith G, Schneider M, Minder C (1997) Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test. BMJ 315(7109):629–634
Thornton A, Lee P (2000) Publication bias in meta-analysis: its causes and consequences. J Clin Epidemiol 53(2):207–216
Yau WY, Hankey GJ (2011) Which dietary and lifestyle behaviours may be important in the aetiology (and prevention) of stroke? J Clin Neurosci 18(1):76–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocn.2010.05.014
Bilenko N, Fraser D, Vardi H, Shai I, Shahar DR (2005) Mediterranean diet and cardiovascular diseases in an Israeli population. Prev Med 40(3):299–305. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2004.06.004
Chrysohoou C, Panagiotakos DB, Aggelopoulos P, Kastorini CM, Kehagia I, Pitsavos C, Stefanadis C (2010) The Mediterranean diet contributes to the preservation of left ventricular systolic function and to the long-term favorable prognosis of patients who have had an acute coronary event. Am J Clin Nutr 92(1):47–54. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.2009.28982
Hoscan Y, Yigit F, Muderrisoglu H (2015) Adherence to Mediterranean diet and its relation with cardiovascular diseases in Turkish population. Int J Clin Exp Med 8(2):2860–2866
de Lorgeril M, Salen P (2011) Mediterranean diet in secondary prevention of CHD. Public Health Nutr 14(12A):2333–2337. https://doi.org/10.1017/s136898001100259x
Lopez-Garcia E, Rodriguez-Artalejo F, Li TY, Fung TT, Li S, Willett WC, Rimm EB, Hu FB (2014) The Mediterranean-style dietary pattern and mortality among men and women with cardiovascular disease. Am J Clin Nutr 99(1):172–180. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.113.068106
Trichopoulou A, Bamia C, Norat T, Overvad K, Schmidt EB, Tjonneland A, Halkjaer J, Clavel-Chapelon F, Vercambre MN, Boutron-Ruault MC, Linseisen J, Rohrmann S, Boeing H, Weikert C, Benetou V, Psaltopoulou T, Orfanos P, Boffetta P, Masala G, Pala V, Panico S, Tumino R, Sacerdote C, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, Ocke MC, Peeters PH, Van der Schouw YT, Gonzalez C, Sanchez MJ, Chirlaque MD, Moreno C, Larranaga N, Van Guelpen B, Jansson JH, Bingham S, Khaw KT, Spencer EA, Key T, Riboli E, Trichopoulos D (2007) Modified Mediterranean diet and survival after myocardial infarction: the EPIC-Elderly study. Eur J Epidemiol 22(12):871–881. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-007-9190-6
Trichopoulou A, Bamia C, Trichopoulos D (2005) Mediterranean diet and survival among patients with coronary heart disease in Greece. Arch Intern Med 165(8):929–935. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.165.8.929
Panagiotakos DB, Arapi S, Pitsavos C, Antonoulas A, Mantas Y, Zombolos S, Stefanadis C (2006) The relationship between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and the severity and short-term prognosis of acute coronary syndromes (ACS): the Greek study of ACS (The GREECS). Nutrition 22(7–8):722–730. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2006.04.005
Pitsavos C, Panagiotakos DB, Chrysohoou C, Skoumas J, Papaioannou I, Stefanadis C, Toutouzas PK (2002) The effect of Mediterranean diet on the risk of the development of acute coronary syndromes in hypercholesterolemic people: a case–control study (CARDIO2000). Coron Artery Dis 13(5):295–300
Pitsavos C, Panagiotakos DB, Chrysohoou C, Papaioannou I, Papadimitriou L, Tousoulis D, Stefanadis C, Toutouzas P (2003) The adoption of Mediterranean diet attenuates the development of acute coronary syndromes in people with the metabolic syndrome. Nutr J 2:1
Konidari Z, Kastorini CM, Milionis HJ, Bika E, Nikolaou V, Vemmos KN, Goudevenos JA, Panagiotakos DB (2014) Eating behaviors and their relationship with cardiovascular disease. A case/case-control study. Appetite 80:89–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2014.05.005
Fung TT, Rexrode KM, Mantzoros CS, Manson JE, Willett WC, Hu FB (2009) Mediterranean diet and incidence of and mortality from coronary heart disease and stroke in women. Circulation 119(8):1093–1100. https://doi.org/10.1161/circulationaha.108.816736
Georgousopoulou EN, Kastorini CM, Milionis HJ, Ntziou E, Kostapanos MS, Nikolaou V, Vemmos KN, Goudevenos JA, Panagiotakos DB (2014) Association between mediterranean diet and non-fatal cardiovascular events, in the context of anxiety and depression disorders: a case/case-control study. Hellenic J Cardiol 55(1):24–31
Hoevenaar-Blom MP, Spijkerman AM, Boshuizen HC, Boer JM, Kromhout D, Verschuren WM (2014) Effect of using repeated measurements of a Mediterranean style diet on the strength of the association with cardiovascular disease during 12 years: the Doetinchem Cohort Study. Eur J Nutr 53(5):1209–1215. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-013-0621-8
Kastorini CM, Milionis HJ, Ioannidi A, Kalantzi K, Nikolaou V, Vemmos KN, Goudevenos JA, Panagiotakos DB (2011) Adherence to the Mediterranean diet in relation to acute coronary syndrome or stroke nonfatal events: a comparative analysis of a case/case-control study. Am Heart J 162(4):717–724. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ahj.2011.07.012
Martinez-Gonzalez MA, Fernandez-Jarne E, Serrano-Martinez M, Marti A, Martinez JA, Martin-Moreno JM (2002) Mediterranean diet and reduction in the risk of a first acute myocardial infarction: an operational healthy dietary score. Eur J Nutr 41(4):153–160. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-002-0370-6
Martinez-Gonzalez MA, Fernandez-Jarne E, Serrano-Martinez M, Wright M, Gomez-Gracia E (2004) Development of a short dietary intake questionnaire for the quantitative estimation of adherence to a cardioprotective Mediterranean diet. Eur J Clin Nutr 58(11):1550–1552. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602004
Martinez-Gonzalez MA, Garcia-Lopez M, Bes-Rastrollo M, Toledo E, Martinez-Lapiscina EH, Delgado-Rodriguez M, Vazquez Z, Benito S, Beunza JJ (2011) Mediterranean diet and the incidence of cardiovascular disease: a Spanish cohort. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 21(4):237–244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2009.10.005
Martinez-Gonzalez MA, Guillen-Grima F, De Irala J, Ruiz-Canela M, Bes-Rastrollo M, Beunza JJ, Lopez del Burgo C, Toledo E, Carlos S, Sanchez-Villegas A (2012) The Mediterranean diet is associated with a reduction in premature mortality among middle-aged adults. J Nutr 142(9):1672–1678. https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.112.162891
Mitrou PN, Kipnis V, Thiebaut AC, Reedy J, Subar AF, Wirfalt E, Flood A, Mouw T, Hollenbeck AR, Leitzmann MF, Schatzkin A (2007) Mediterranean dietary pattern and prediction of all-cause mortality in a US population: results from the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study. Arch Intern Med 167(22):2461–2468. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.167.22.2461
Bellavia A, Tektonidis TG, Orsini N, Wolk A, Larsson SC (2016) Quantifying the benefits of Mediterranean diet in terms of survival. Eur J Epidemiol 31(5):527–530. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-016-0127-9
Bertoia ML, Triche EW, Michaud DS, Baylin A, Hogan JW, Neuhouser ML, Tinker LF, Van Horn L, Waring ME, Li W, Shikany JM, Eaton CB (2014) Mediterranean and dietary approaches to stop hypertension dietary patterns and risk of sudden cardiac death in postmenopausal women. Am J Clin Nutr 99(2):344–351. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.112.056135
Buckland G, Gonzalez CA, Agudo A, Vilardell M, Berenguer A, Amiano P, Ardanaz E, Arriola L, Barricarte A, Basterretxea M, Chirlaque MD, Cirera L, Dorronsoro M, Egues N, Huerta JM, Larranaga N, Marin P, Martinez C, Molina E, Navarro C, Quiros JR, Rodriguez L, Sanchez MJ, Tormo MJ, Moreno-Iribas C (2009) Adherence to the Mediterranean diet and risk of coronary heart disease in the Spanish EPIC Cohort Study. Am J Epidemiol 170(12):1518–1529. doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwp282
Buckland G, Agudo A, Travier N, Huerta JM, Cirera L, Tormo MJ, Navarro C, Chirlaque MD, Moreno-Iribas C, Ardanaz E, Barricarte A, Etxeberria J, Marin P, Quiros JR, Redondo ML, Larranaga N, Amiano P, Dorronsoro M, Arriola L, Basterretxea M, Sanchez MJ, Molina E, Gonzalez CA (2011) Adherence to the Mediterranean diet reduces mortality in the Spanish cohort of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC-Spain). Br J Nutr 106(10):1581–1591. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114511002078
Gardener H, Wright CB, Gu Y, Demmer RT, Boden-Albala B, Elkind MS, Sacco RL, Scarmeas N (2011) Mediterranean-style diet and risk of ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction, and vascular death: the Northern Manhattan Study. Am J Clin Nutr 94(6):1458–1464. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.111.012799
George SM, Ballard-Barbash R, Manson JE, Reedy J, Shikany JM, Subar AF, Tinker LF, Vitolins M, Neuhouser ML (2014) Comparing indices of diet quality with chronic disease mortality risk in postmenopausal women in the Women’s Health Initiative Observational Study: evidence to inform national dietary guidance. Am J Epidemiol 180(6):616–625. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwu173
Knoops KT, de Groot LC, Kromhout D, Perrin AE, Moreiras-Varela O, Menotti A, van Staveren WA (2004) Mediterranean diet, lifestyle factors, and 10-year mortality in elderly European men and women: the HALE project. JAMA 292(12):1433–1439. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.292.12.1433
Panagiotakos DB, Georgousopoulou EN, Pitsavos C, Chrysohoou C, Skoumas I, Pitaraki E, Georgiopoulos GA, Ntertimani M, Christou A, Stefanadis C (2015) Exploring the path of Mediterranean diet on 10-year incidence of cardiovascular disease: the ATTICA study (2002–2012). Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 25(3):327–335. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2014.09.006
Sjogren P, Becker W, Warensjo E, Olsson E, Byberg L, Gustafsson IB, Karlstrom B, Cederholm T (2010) Mediterranean and carbohydrate-restricted diets and mortality among elderly men: a cohort study in Sweden. Am J Clin Nutr 92(4):967–974. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.2010.29345
Tognon G, Nilsson LM, Lissner L, Johansson I, Hallmans G, Lindahl B, Winkvist A (2012) The Mediterranean diet score and mortality are inversely associated in adults living in the subarctic region. J Nutr 142(8):1547–1553. https://doi.org/10.3945/jn.112.160499
Tognon G, Lissner L, Saebye D, Walker KZ, Heitmann BL (2014) The Mediterranean diet in relation to mortality and CVD: a Danish cohort study. Br J Nutr 111(1):151–159. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0007114513001931
Tong TY, Wareham NJ, Khaw KT, Imamura F, Forouhi NG (2016) Prospective association of the Mediterranean diet with cardiovascular disease incidence and mortality and its population impact in a non-Mediterranean population: the EPIC-Norfolk study. BMC Med 14(1):135. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-016-0677-4
Trichopoulou A, Kouris-Blazos A, Wahlqvist ML, Gnardellis C, Lagiou P, Polychronopoulos E, Vassilakou T, Lipworth L, Trichopoulos D (1995) Diet and overall survival in elderly people. BMJ 311(7018):1457–1460
Panagiotakos DB, Pitsavos C, Matalas AL, Chrysohoou C, Stefanadis C (2005) Geographical influences on the association between adherence to the Mediterranean diet and the prevalence of acute coronary syndromes, in Greece: the CARDIO2000 study. Int J Cardiol 100(1):135–142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcard.2004.12.004
Turati F, Pelucchi C, Galeone C, Praud D, Tavani A, La Vecchia C (2015) Mediterranean diet and non-fatal acute myocardial infarction: a case-control study from Italy. Public Health Nutr 18(4):713–720. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1368980014000858
O’Donnell MJ, Xavier D, Liu L, Zhang H, Chin SL, Rao-Melacini P, Rangarajan S, Islam S, Pais P, McQueen MJ, Mondo C, Damasceno A, Lopez-Jaramillo P, Hankey GJ, Dans AL, Yusoff K, Truelsen T, Diener HC, Sacco RL, Ryglewicz D, Czlonkowska A, Weimar C, Wang X, Yusuf S, investigators I (2010) Risk factors for ischaemic and intracerebral haemorrhagic stroke in 22 countries (the INTERSTROKE study): a case-control study. Lancet 376(9735):112–123. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60834-3
Estruch R, Ros E, Salas-Salvado J, Covas MI, Corella D, Aros F, Gomez-Gracia E, Ruiz-Gutierrez V, Fiol M, Lapetra J, Lamuela-Raventos RM, Serra-Majem L, Pinto X, Basora J, Munoz MA, Sorli JV, Martinez JA, Martinez-Gonzalez MA, Investigators PS (2013) Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease with a Mediterranean diet. N Engl J Med 368(14):1279–1290. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1200303
Buckland G, Gonzalez CA (2015) The role of olive oil in disease prevention: a focus on the recent epidemiological evidence from cohort studies and dietary intervention trials. Br J Nutr 113(Suppl 2):S94–S101. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114514003936
Martinez-Gonzalez MA, Salas-Salvado J, Estruch R, Corella D, Fito M, Ros E, Predimed I (2015) Benefits of the Mediterranean diet: insights from the PREDIMED study. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 58(1):50–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcad.2015.04.003
Mozaffarian D (2016) Dietary and policy priorities for cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and obesity: a comprehensive review. Circulation 133(2):187–225. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.018585
Klatsky AL (2015) Alcohol and cardiovascular diseases: where do we stand today? J Intern Med 278(3):238–250. https://doi.org/10.1111/joim.12390
Roerecke M, Rehm J (2014) Alcohol consumption, drinking patterns, and ischemic heart disease: a narrative review of meta-analyses and a systematic review and meta-analysis of the impact of heavy drinking occasions on risk for moderate drinkers. BMC Med 12:182. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-014-0182-6
Garcia M, Bihuniak JD, Shook J, Kenny A, Kerstetter J, Huedo-Medina TB (2016) The effect of the traditional Mediterranean-style diet on metabolic risk factors: a meta-analysis. Nutrients 8(3):168. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu8030168
Kesse-Guyot E, Ahluwalia N, Lassale C, Hercberg S, Fezeu L, Lairon D (2013) Adherence to Mediterranean diet reduces the risk of metabolic syndrome: a 6-year prospective study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 23(7):677–683. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2012.02.005
Tortosa A, Bes-Rastrollo M, Sanchez-Villegas A, Basterra-Gortari FJ, Nunez-Cordoba JM, Martinez-Gonzalez MA (2007) Mediterranean diet inversely associated with the incidence of metabolic syndrome: the SUN prospective cohort. Diabetes Care 30(11):2957–2959. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc07-1231
Kokkinos P, Panagiotakos DB, Polychronopoulos E (2005) Dietary influences on blood pressure: the effect of the Mediterranean diet on the prevalence of hypertension. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 7(3):165–170 (quiz 171–162)
Hodge AM, English DR, Itsiopoulos C, O’Dea K, Giles GG (2011) Does a Mediterranean diet reduce the mortality risk associated with diabetes: evidence from the Melbourne collaborative cohort study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 21(9):733–739. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2010.10.014
Fung TT, McCullough ML, Newby PK, Manson JE, Meigs JB, Rifai N, Willett WC, Hu FB (2005) Diet-quality scores and plasma concentrations of markers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. Am J Clin Nutr 82(1):163–173
Gardener H, Wright CB, Cabral D, Scarmeas N, Gu Y, Cheung K, Elkind MS, Sacco RL, Rundek T (2014) Mediterranean diet and carotid atherosclerosis in the Northern Manhattan Study. Atherosclerosis 234(2):303–310. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.03.011
Pitsavos C, Panagiotakos DB, Tzima N, Chrysohoou C, Economou M, Zampelas A, Stefanadis C (2005) Adherence to the Mediterranean diet is associated with total antioxidant capacity in healthy adults: the ATTICA study. Am J Clin Nutr 82(3):694–699
Buscemi S, Nicolucci A, Mattina A, Rosafio G, Massenti FM, Lucisano G, Galvano F, Amodio E, Pellegrini F, Barile AM, Maniaci V, Grosso G, Verga S, Sprini D, Rini GB (2013) Association of dietary patterns with insulin resistance and clinically silent carotid atherosclerosis in apparently healthy people. Eur J Clin Nutr 67(12):1284–1290. https://doi.org/10.1038/ejcn.2013.172
Carter SJ, Roberts MB, Salter J, Eaton CB (2010) Relationship between Mediterranean diet score and atherothrombotic risk: findings from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), 1988–1994. Atherosclerosis 210(2):630–636. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2009.12.035