Mechanism of manual tamping operation for ballast bed based on DEM–MBD coupling

Z. Qian1, H. Xiao1, Ruoqiang Feng1, Zhihai Zhang2, Mahantesh M. Nadakatti3, Fang Jia4
1School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
2Beijing Key Laboratory of Track Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
3Depaertment of Mechanical Engineering, KLS Gogte Institute of Technology, Belagavi, 590008, India
4China Railway First Survey and Design Institute Group Co., Ltd., Shaanxi, 710043, China

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