Measurement of Dissociative States with the Clinician-Administered Dissociative States Scale (CADSS)
Tóm tắt
The purpose of this study was to develop an instrument for the measurement of present-state dissociative symptoms, the Clinician Administered Dissociative States Scale (CADSS). Reported here are interrater reliability and internal consistency of the CADSS, validity as assessed by comparisons with other instruments for the assessment of dissociation, and sensitivity of the CADSS to discriminate patients with dissociative disorders from patients with other psychiatric disorders and healthy subjects. Initial analyses indicated good interrater reliability and construct validity for the CADSS. Scores on the CADSS discriminated patients with dissociative disorders from the other groups.
Tài liệu tham khảo
American Psychiatric Association (1987). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (3rd ed., rev.). Washington, D.C.
Bartko, J.J. (1966). The intraclass correlation coefficient as a measure of reliability. Psychological Reports, 19, 3–11.
Bernstein, E., & Putnam, T. (1986). Development, reliability, and validity of a dissociation scale. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 174, 727–735.
Bliss, E. (1986). Multiple personalities, allied disorders, and hypnotizability. London: Oxford Press.
Branscombe, L. P. (1991). Dissociation in combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder. Dissociation, 4, 13–20.
Braun, B. (1984). Towards a theory of multiple personality and other dissociative phenomena. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 7, 171–193.
Bremner, J. D., Southwick, S. M., Brett, E., Fontana, A., Rosenheck, R., & Charney, D. S. (1992). Dissociation and posttraumatic stress disorder in Vietnam combat veterans. American Journal of Psychiatry, 149, 328–333.
Bremner, J. D., Steinberg, M., Southwick, S. M., Johnson, D.R., & Charney, D. S. (1993). Use of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSMIV-Dissociative Disorders for systematic assessment of dissociative symptoms in posttraumatic stress disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 150, 1011–1014.
Bremner, J. D., & Brett, E. (1997). Trauma-related dissociative states and long-term psychopathology in posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 10, 37–50.
Cardeña, E., & Spiegel, D. (1989). Dissociative reactions to the San Francisco Bay Area earthquake of 1989. American Journal of Psychiatry, 150, 474–478.
Carlson, E. B., & Rosser-Hogan, R. (1991). Trauma experiences, posttraumatic stress, dissociation, and depression in Cambodian refugees. American Journal of Psychiatry, 148, 1548–1552.
Chu, J. A., & Dill, D. L. (1990). Dissociative symptoms in relation to childhood physical and sexual abuse. American Journal of Psychiatry, 147, 887–892.
Cronbach, L. J. (1951). Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika, 16, 297–334.
Goodman, W. K., Price, L. H., & Rasmussen, S. A. (1989). The Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS): Part I. Development, use and reliability. Archives of General Psychiatry, 46, 1006–1011.
Hamilton, M. (1960). A rating scale for depression. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 23, 56–62.
Hamilton, M. (1967). Development of a rating scale for primary depressive illness. British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 6, 278–296.
Janet, P. (1889). L'automatisme psychologique. Paris: Balliere.
Kluft, R. P. (1984). Treatment of multiple personality disorder: A study of 33 cases. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 7, 9–29.
Koopman, C., Classen, C., & Spiegel, D. (1994). Predictors of posttraumatic stress symptoms among survivors of the Oakland/Berkeley, Calif., firestorm. American Journal of Psychiatry, 151, 888–894.
Krystal, J. H., Karper, L. P., Seibyl, J. P., Freeman, G. K., Delaney, R., Bremner, J. D., Heninger, G. R, Bowers, M. B., & Charney, D. S. (1994). Subanesthetic effects of the non-competitive NMDA antagonist, ketamine, in humans: Psychotomimetic, perceptual, cognitive, and neuroendocrine responses. Archives of General Psychiatry, 51, 199–214.
Loewenstein, R., & Putnam, F. (1988). A comparison study of dissociative symptoms in patients with complex partial seizures, MPD, and PTSD. Dissociation, 1, 17–23.
Marmar, C. R., Weiss, D. S., Schlenger, D. S., Fairbank, J. A., Jordan, B. K., Kulka, R. A., & Hough, R. L. (1994). Peritraumatic dissociation and posttraumatic stress in male Vietnam theater veterans. American Journal of Psychiatry, 151, 902–907.
Mazure, C., Nelson, C. J., & Price, L. H. (1986). Reliability and validity of the symptoms of major depressive illness. Archives of General Psychiatry, 43, 451–456.
Nemiah, J. C. (1989). Janet redivivus: The centenary of l'Automatisme Psychologique. American Journal of Psychiatry, 146, 1527–1530.
Putnam, F. W., Guroff, J. J., Silberman, E. K., Barban, L., & Post, R. M. (1986). The clinical phenomenology of multiple personality disorder: A review of 100 recent cases. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 47, 285–293.
Putnam, F. W. (1989). Pierre Janet and modern views of dissociation. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 2, 413–429.
Ross, C. A., Joshi, S., & Currie, R. (1990). Dissociative experiences in the general population. American Journal of Psychiatry, 147, 1547–1552.
Spiegel, D., & Carde-a, E. (1991). Disintegrated experience: The dissociative disorders revisited. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 100, 366–378.
Spiegel, D., Hunt, T., & Dondershine, H. E. (1988). Dissociation and hypnotizability in posttraumatic stress disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 145, 301–305.
Spitzer, R. L., Williams, J. B. W., & Gibbon, M. (1987). Structured clinical interview for DSMIIIR. New York: New York State Psychiatric Institute, Biometrics Research Dept.
Steinberg, M., Rounsaville, B., & Cicchetti, D. V. (1990). The structured clinical interview for DSMIII-R dissociative disorders: Preliminary report on a new diagnostic instrument. American Journal of Psychiatry, 147, 76–79.
van der Kolk, B. A. (Ed.) (1987). Psychological trauma. Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Association Press.
van der Kolk, B. A., & van der Hart, O. (1989). Pierre Janet and the breakdown of adaptation in psychological trauma. American Journal of Psychiatry, 146, 12–17.