Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Are Essential for Osteoclast Recruitment into Developing Long Bones

Journal of Cell Biology - Tập 151 Số 4 - Trang 879-890 - 2000
Michael T. Engsig1, Qingjun Chen1, Thiennu H. Vu2, Anne-Cecilie Pedersen1, Bente Therkidsen1, Leif R. Lund3, Kim Henriksen1, Thomas Lenhard1, Niels T. Foged1, Zena Werb4, Jean‐Marie Delaissé1
1aOSTEOPRO A/S and Center for Clinical and Basic Research, DK-2750 Herlev/Ballerup, Denmark
2bDepartment of Medicine and Lung Biology Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143
3dFinsen Laboratory, Copenhagen University Hospital, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
4cDepartment of Anatomy, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143

Tóm tắt

Bone development requires the recruitment of osteoclast precursors from surrounding mesenchyme, thereby allowing the key events of bone growth such as marrow cavity formation, capillary invasion, and matrix remodeling. We demonstrate that mice deficient in gelatinase B/matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 exhibit a delay in osteoclast recruitment. Histological analysis and specialized invasion and bone resorption models show that MMP-9 is specifically required for the invasion of osteoclasts and endothelial cells into the discontinuously mineralized hypertrophic cartilage that fills the core of the diaphysis. However, MMPs other than MMP-9 are required for the passage of the cells through unmineralized type I collagen of the nascent bone collar, and play a role in resorption of mineralized matrix. MMP-9 stimulates the solubilization of unmineralized cartilage by MMP-13, a collagenase highly expressed in hypertrophic cartilage before osteoclast invasion. Hypertrophic cartilage also expresses vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which binds to extracellular matrix and is made bioavailable by MMP-9 (Bergers, G., R. Brekken, G. McMahon, T.H. Vu, T. Itoh, K. Tamaki, K. Tanzawa, P. Thorpe, S. Itohara, Z. Werb, and D. Hanahan. 2000. Nat. Cell Biol. 2:737–744). We show that VEGF is a chemoattractant for osteoclasts. Moreover, invasion of osteoclasts into the hypertrophic cartilage requires VEGF because it is inhibited by blocking VEGF function. These observations identify specific actions of MMP-9 and VEGF that are critical for early bone development.

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