Mapping of drug-related problems among older adults conciliating medical and pharmaceutical approaches
Tóm tắt
To analyze the process from the prescription of the drug to the health outcome, from a medical and pharmaceutical perspective, to prevent the occurrence of drug-related problems (DRPs) in older adults. A mapping of a logical process of drug use from the perspective of physicians, pharmacists, and patients has been established, but many fields remain unexplored (e.g. off-label use, substance use disorders, therapeutic failure), especially in some settings (e.g. home-dwelling) as little data is available in older adults. Prevention of DRPs imperatively requires taking into account the opinions of all healthcare professionals as well as those of patients and their caregivers. To lay the fundamentals of drug-related problems (DRPs) in older adults, and to organize them according to a logical process conciliating medical and pharmaceutical approaches, to better identify the causes and consequences of DRPs. A narrative overview. The causes of DRPs may be intentional or unintentional. They lie in poor prescription, poor adherence, medication errors (MEs) and substance use disorders (SUD). Poor prescription encompasses sub-optimal or off-label drug choice; this choice is either intentional or unintentional, often within a polypharmacy context and not taking sufficiently into account the patient’s clinical condition. Poor adherence is often the consequence of a complicated administration schedule. This review shows that MEs are not the most frequent causes of DRPs. SUD are little studied in older adults and needs to be more investigated because the use of psychoactive substances among older people is frequent. Prescribers, pharmacists, nurses, patients, and caregivers all play a role in different causes of DRPs. The potential deleterious outcomes of DRPs result from adverse drug reactions and therapeutic failures. These can lead to a negative benefit-risk ratio for a given treatment regimen. Interdisciplinary pharmacotherapy programs show significant clinical impacts in preventing or resolving adverse drug events and, suboptimal responses. New technologies also seem to be interesting solutions to prevent MEs. Better communication between healthcare professionals, patients and their caregivers would ensure greater safety and effectiveness of treatments.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Bürkle T, Müller F, Patapovas A, Sonst A, Pfistermeister B, Plank-Kiegele B, Dormann H, Maas R (2013) A new approach to identify, classify and count drug-related events. Br J Clin Pharmacol 76(Suppl 1):56–68. https://doi.org/10.1111/bcp.12189
Kaufmann CP, Stämpfli D, Hersberger KE, Lampert ML (2015) Determination of risk factors for drug-related problems: a multidisciplinary triangulation process. BMJ Open 5(3):e006376. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2014-006376
Marengoni A, Angleman S, Melis R, Mangialasche F, Karp A, Garmen A, Meinow B, Fratiglioni L (2011) Aging with multimorbidity: a systematic review of the literature. Ageing Res Rev 10(4):430–439. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arr.2011.03.003
Roux B, Sirois C, Simard M, Gagnon ME, Laroche ML (2020) Potentially inappropriate medications in older adults: a population-based cohort study. Fam Pract 37(2):173–179. https://doi.org/10.1093/fampra/cmz060
Morin L, Johnell K, Laroche ML, Fastbom J, Wastesson JW (2018) The epidemiology of polypharmacy in older adults: register-based prospective cohort study. Clin Epidemiol 12(10):289–298. https://doi.org/10.2147/CLEP.S153458
Merle L, Laroche ML, Dantoine T, Charmes JP (2005) Predicting and preventing adverse drug reactions in the very old. Drugs Aging 22(5):375–392. https://doi.org/10.2165/00002512-200522050-00003
Meyer-Massetti C, Meier CR, Guglielmo BJ (2018) The scope of drug-related problems in the home care setting. Int J Clin Pharm 40(2):325–334. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11096-017-0581-9
Plácido AI, Herdeiro MT, Morgado M, Figueiras A, Roque F (2020) Drug-related problems in home-dwelling older adults: a systematic review. Clin Ther 42(4):559-572.e14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinthera.2020.02.005
Foppe van Mil JW, Westerlund T, Brown L, Chen TF, Henman M, Hersberger K, McElnay J, Schulz M (2016) Medical care and drug-related problems: Do doctors and pharmacists speak the same language? Int J Clin Pharm 38(2):191–194. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11096-016-0249-x (Erratum in: Int J Clin Pharm. 2016 Apr;38(2):195)
Basger BJ, Moles RJ, Chen TF (2015) Development of an aggregated system for classifying causes of drug-related problems. Ann Pharmacother 49(4):405–418. https://doi.org/10.1177/1060028014568008
Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe The PCNE Classification V 9.1. [accessed on 14 January 2021]; Available online: https://www.pcne.org/upload/files/417_PCNE_classification_V9-1_final.pdf
Palmer K, Onder G (2018) Comprehensive geriatric assessment: benefits and limitations. Eur J Intern Med 54:e8-9
Sergi G, De Rui M, Sarti S, Manzato E (2010) Polypharmacy in the elderly: can comprehensive geriatric assessment reduce inappropriate medication use? Drugs Aging 28:509–518. https://doi.org/10.2165/11592010-000000000-00000
Noureldin M, Plake KS (2017) Correlates of caregivers’ involvement in the management of older adults’ medications. Res Soc Adm Pharm 13:840–848. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2016.09.009
Gillespie R, Mullan J, Harrison L (2014) Managing medications: the role of informal caregivers of older adults and people living with dementia. A review of the literature. J Clin Nurs 23:3296–3308. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.12519
Macdonald M (2010) Patient safety: examining the adequacy of the 5 rights of medication administration. Clin Nurse Spec 24:196–201. https://doi.org/10.1097/NUR.0b013e3181e3605f
Herold D, Murray M, Watt A, Hyland S, Hoffman C, Cass M (2020) Empowering patients to start a conversation: 5 questions to ask about your medications. Healthc Q. 22:58–71. https://doi.org/10.12927/hcq.2020.26046
Sharma AE, Rivadeneira NA, Barr-Walker J, Stern RJ, Johnson AK, Sarkar U (2018) Patient engagement in health care safety: an overview of mixed-quality evidence. Health Aff (Millwood) 37(11):1813–1820. https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2018.0716
Smith H, Miller K, Barnett N, Oboh L, Jones E, Darcy C, McKee H, Agnew J, Crawford P (2019) Person-centred care including deprescribing for older people. Pharmacy (Basel) 25(7):101. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmacy7030101
Aronson JK (2009) Medication errors: definitions and classification. Br J Clin Pharmacol 67(6):599–604. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2125.2009.03415.x
Hanlon JT, Schmader KE, Ruby CM, Weinberger M (2001) Suboptimal prescribing in older inpatients and outpatients. J Am Geriatr Soc 49(2):200–209. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1532-5415.2001.49042.x
Singier A, Noize P, Berdai D, Daveluy A, Arnaud M, Molimard M, Bégaud B, Salvo F (2020) Medicine misuse: a systematic review and proposed hierarchical terminology. Authorea. https://doi.org/10.22541/au.159177426.69495466 ((temporally reference, accepted from 05 october 2020 in British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology))
EMA. Glossary: off-label use. Available on: https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/glossary/label-use
Lackman M, Vickers MM, Hsu T (2020) Physician-reported reasons for non-enrollment of older adults in cancer clinical trials. J Geriatr Oncol 11(1):31–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jgo.2019.01.019
Cramer JA, Roy A, Burrell A, Fairchild CJ, Fuldeore MJ, Ollendorf DA, Wong PK (2008) Medication compliance and persistence: terminology and definitions. Value Health. 11(1):44–47. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1524-4733.2007.00213.x
Lavan AH, Gallagher PF, O’Mahony D (2016) Methods to reduce prescribing errors in elderly patients with multimorbidity. Clin Interv Aging 23(11):857–866. https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S80280
Nguyen TL, Leguelinel-Blache G, Kinowski JM, Roux-Marson C, Rougier M, Spence J, Le Manach Y, Landais P (2017) Improving medication safety: development and impact of a multivariate model-based strategy to target high-risk patients. PLoS ONE 12(2):e0171995. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0171995
Ferrah N, Lovell JJ, Ibrahim JE (2017) Systematic review of the prevalence of medication errors resulting in hospitalization and death of nursing home residents. J Am Geriatr Soc 65(2):433–442. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.14683 (Epub 2016 Nov 21)
INSMPC. Salamanca declaration to promote safe medication practices globally. 2006. Available on Salamanca_Declaration_INSMPC.pdf
Mira JJ (2019) Medication errors in the older people population. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 12(6):491–494. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512433.2019.1615442 (Epub 2019 May 15)
Members of EMERGE, Erice Medication Errors Research Group, Agrawal A, Aronson JK, Britten N, Ferner RE, de Smet PA, Fialová D, Fitzgerald RJ, Likić R, Maxwell SR, Meyboom RH, Minuz P, Onder G, Schachter M, Velo G (2009) Medication errors: problems and recommendations from a consensus meeting. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 67(6):592–598. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2125.2009.03414.x
Fialová D, Onder G (2009) Medication errors in elderly people: contributing factors and future perspectives. Br J Clin Pharmacol 67(6):641–645. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2125.2009.03419.x
Hellström LM, Bondesson Å, Höglund P, Eriksson T (2012) Errors in medication history at hospital admission: prevalence and predicting factors. BMC Clin Pharmacol 3(12):9. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6904-12-9
Field TS, Mazor KM, Briesacher B, Debellis KR, Gurwitz JH (2007) Adverse drug events resulting from patient errors in older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc 55(2):271–276. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2007.01047.x
Sears K, Woo KY, Almost J, Wilson R, Frymire E, Whitehead M, VanDenKerkhof E (2018) Medication knowledge among older adults admitted to home care in ontario during 2012–2013. J Healthc Qual. 40(3):e33–e45. https://doi.org/10.1097/JHQ.0000000000000055
Cumbler E, Wald H, Kutner J (2010) Lack of patient knowledge regarding hospital medications. J Hosp Med 5(2):83–86. https://doi.org/10.1002/jhm.566
Elliott RA, Lee CY, Beanland C, Vakil K, Goeman D (2016) Medicines management, medication errors and adverse medication events in older people referred to a community nursing service: a retrospective observational study. Drugs Real World Outcomes 3(1):13–24. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40801-016-0065-6
Barber ND, Alldred DP, Raynor DK, Dickinson R, Garfield S, Jesson B, Lim R, Savage I, Standage C, Buckle P, Carpenter J, Franklin B, Woloshynowych M, Zermansky AG (2009) Care homes’ use of medicines study: prevalence, causes and potential harm of medication errors in care homes for older people. Qual Saf Health Care 18(5):341–346. https://doi.org/10.1136/qshc.2009.034231
Szczepura A, Wild D, Nelson S (2011) Medication administration errors for older people in long-term residential care. BMC Geriatr 7(11):82. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2318-11-82
Saint-Germain P, Ruelle M, Mary A, Sid Idris S, Hannat S, Pelloquin N, Jouanny P, Terrier-Lenglet A (2016) Impact clinique des divergences de traitement constatées chez 200 patients conciliés dans un service de gériatrie aiguë [The clinical impact of treatment discrepancies recorded for 200 patients in an acute geriatric unit]. Rev Med Intern 37(10):667–673. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.revmed.2016.02.017
Wang JS, Fogerty RL, Horwitz LI (2017) Effect of therapeutic interchange on medication reconciliation during hospitalization and upon discharge in a geriatric population. PLoS ONE 12(10):e0186075. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0186075
Midlöv P, Bergkvist A, Bondesson A, Eriksson T, Höglund P (2005) Medication errors when transferring elderly patients between primary health care and hospital care. Pharm World Sci 27(2):116–120. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11096-004-3705-y
Caleres G, Bondesson Å, Midlöv P, Modig S (2018) Elderly at risk in care transitions When discharge summaries are poorly transferred and used—a descriptive study. BMC Health Serv Res 18(1):770. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-018-3581-0
Graabæk T, Terkildsen BG, Lauritsen KE, Almarsdóttir AB (2019) Frequency of undocumented medication discrepancies in discharge letters after hospitalization of older patients: a clinical record review study. Ther Adv Drug Saf 16(10):2042098619858049. https://doi.org/10.1177/2042098619858049
Rodríguez Vargas B, Delgado Silveira E, Iglesias Peinado I, Bermejo VT (2016) Prevalence and risk factors for medication reconciliation errors during hospital admission in elderly patients. Int J Clin Pharm 38(5):1164–1171. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11096-016-0348-8
Akram F, Huggan PJ, Lim V, Huang Y, Siddiqui FJ, Assam PN, Merchant RA (2015) Medication discrepancies and associated risk factors identified among elderly patients discharged from a tertiary hospital in Singapore. Singapore Med J 56(7):379–384. https://doi.org/10.11622/smedj.2015108
Belda-Rustarazo S, Cantero-Hinojosa J, Salmeron-García A, González-García L, Cabeza-Barrera J, Galvez J (2015) Medication reconciliation at admission and discharge: an analysis of prevalence and associated risk factors. Int J Clin Pract 69(11):1268–1274
Pfister B, Jonsson J, Gustafsson M (2017) Drug-related problems and medication reviews among old people with dementia. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 18(1):52. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40360-017-0157-2
Grądalski T (2019) Polypharmacy and medication errors on admission to palliative care. Pol Arch Intern Med 129(10):659–666. https://doi.org/10.20452/pamw.14969
Tseng MH, Wu HC (2014) A cloud medication safety support system using QR code and Web services for elderly outpatients. Technol Health Care 22(1):99–113. https://doi.org/10.3233/THC-140778
Cousein E, Mareville J, Lerooy A, Caillau A, Labreuche J, Dambre D, Odou P, Bonte JP, Puisieux F, Decaudin B, Coupé P (2014) Effect of automated drug distribution systems on medication error rates in a short-stay geriatric unit. J Eval Clin Pract. 20(5):678–684. https://doi.org/10.1111/jep.12202
Turjamaa R, Kapanen S, Kangasniemi M (2020) How smart medication systems are used to support older people’s drug regimens: a systematic literature review. Geriatr Nurs. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gerinurse.2020.02.005
Vélez-Díaz-Pallarés M, Álvarez Díaz AM, Gramage Caro T, Vicente Oliveros N, Delgado-Silveira E, Muñoz García M, Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Bermejo-Vicedo T (2017) Technology-induced errors associated with computerized provider order entry software for older patients. Int J Clin Pharm 39(4):729–742. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11096-017-0474-y
Masnoon N, Shakib S, Kalisch-Ellett L, Caughey GE (2018) Tools for assessment of the appropriateness of prescribing and association with patient-related outcomes: a systematic review. Drugs Aging 35(1):43–60. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40266-018-0516-8
Kaufmann CP, Tremp R, Hersberger KE, Lampert ML (2014) Inappropriate prescribing: a systematic overview of published assessment tools. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 70(1):1–11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00228-013-1575-8
Tommelein E, Mehuys E, Petrovic M, Somers A, Colin P, Boussery K (2015) Potentially inappropriate prescribing in community-dwelling older people across Europe: a systematic literature review. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 71(12):1415–1427. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00228-015-1954-4
Morin L, Laroche ML, Texier G, Johnell K (2016) Prevalence of potentially inappropriate medication use in older adults living in nursing homes: a systematic review. J Am Med Dir Assoc 17(9):862.e1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2016.06.011
Storms H, Marquet K, Aertgeerts B, Claes N (2017) Prevalence of inappropriate medication use in residential long-term care facilities for the elderly: a systematic review. Eur J Gen Pract 23(1):69–77. https://doi.org/10.1080/13814788.2017.1288211
Spinewine A, Schmader KE, Barber N, Hughes C, Lapane KL, Swine C, Hanlon JT (2007) Appropriate prescribing in elderly people: how well can it be measured and optimised? Lancet 370(9582):173–184. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61091-5
Laroche ML, Charmes JP, Nouaille Y, Picard N, Merle L (2007) Is inappropriate medication use a major cause of adverse drug reactions in the elderly? Br J Clin Pharmacol. 63(2):177–186. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2125.2006.02831.x
Hames A, Wynne HA (2001) Unlicensed and off-label drug use in elderly people. Age Ageing 30(6):530–531. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/30.6.530-a
Jackson SH, Jansen PA, Mangoni AA (2012) Off-label prescribing in older patients. Drugs Aging 29(6):427–434. https://doi.org/10.2165/11633520-000000000-00000
Patel H, Toe DC, Burke S, Rasu RS (2010) Anticonvulsant use after formulary status change for brand-name second-generation anticonvulsants. Am J Manag Care 16(8):e197-204
Kanagaratnam L, Abou Taam M, Heng M, De Boissieu P, Roux MP, Trenque T (2015) Les effets indésirables médicamenteux graves et leur évitabilité chez des sujets âgés de plus de 65 ans [Serious adverse drug reaction and their preventability in the elderly over 65 years]. Therapie. 70(5):477–484. https://doi.org/10.2515/therapie/2015029
Grisanti S, Ziemssen F (2007) Bevacizumab: off-label use in ophthalmology. Indian J Ophthalmol 55(6):417–420. https://doi.org/10.4103/0301-4738.36474
Jansen RM (2013) The off-label use of medication: the latest on the Avastin—Lucentis debacle. Med Law 32(1):65–77
Bro T, Derebecka M, Jørstad ØK et al (2020) Off-label use of bevacizumab for wet age-related macular degeneration in Europe. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 258:503–511. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00417-019-04569-8
EMA. Physical frailty: instruments for baseline characterisation of older populations in clinical trials. EMA/CHMP/778709/2015. Available on : https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/physical-frailty-instruments-baseline-characterisation-older-populations-clinical-trials
Patterson TL, Jeste DV (1999) The potential Impact of the baby-boom generation on substance abuse among elderly persons. Psychiatr Serv 50:1184–1188
Kuerbis A, Sacco P, Blazer DG, Moore AA (2014) Substance abuse among older adults. Clin Geriatr Med août 30(3):629–654
Wu LT, Blazer DG (2011) Illicit and nonmedical drug use among older adults: a review. J Aging Health. 23(3):481–504. https://doi.org/10.1177/0898264310386224
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (2009) Emergency Department Visits Involving Nonmedical Use of Selected Pharmaceuticals. Author, Rockville, MD
Daveluy A, Gibaja V, Miremont-Salamé G, Mallaret M, Caous AS, Kahn JP, Deheul S, Tournebize J, Lapeyre-Mestre M, Fouilhé N, Frauger E (2019) Substance use disorders among French older adults: main trends from the perspective of addictovigilance data. Fund Clin Pharmacol 33:14
Daveluy A, Micallef J, Sanchez-Pena P, Miremont-Salamé G, Lassalle R, Lacueille C, Grelaud A, Corand V, Victorri-Vigneau C, Batisse A, Le Boisselier R, Peyrière H, Frauger E, Lapeyre-Mestre M, Haramburu F (2020) Ten-year trend of opioid and non opioid analgesic use in the French adult population. Br J Clin Pharmacol. https://doi.org/10.1111/bcp.14415
Gentile G, Jego M, Spadari M, Griffiths K, Jouanjus E, Micallef J (2018) Identification and tracking of Addictovigilance signals in general practice: which interactions between the general practitioners and the French Addictovigilance Network? Fundam Clin Pharmacol 32:643–651
Micallef J, Jouanjus E, Mallaret M, Lapeyre Mestre M (2019) 17 [Safety signal detection by the French addictovigilance network: innovative methods of investigation, examples and usefulness for public health]. Therapie 74:579–590
Andrade SE, Kahler KH, Frech F et al (2006) Methods for evaluation of medication adherence and persistence using automated databases. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 15(8):565–574
Claxton AJ, Cramer J, Pierce C (2001) A systematic review of the associations between dose regimens and medication compliance. Clin Ther 23(8):1296–1310
Mukhtar O, Weinman J, Jackson SH (2014) Intentional non-adherence to medications by older adults. Drugs Aging 31(3):149–157. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40266-014-0153-9
Hilmer SN, Gnjidic D (2009) The effects of polypharmacy in older adults. Clin Pharmacol Ther 85:86–98
Osterberg L, Blaschke T (2005) Adherence to medication. N Engl JMed 353(5):487–497
Pasina L, Brucato AL, Falcone C, Cucchi E, Bresciani A, Sottocorno M, Taddei GC, Casati M, Franchi C, Djade CD, Nobili A (2014) Medication non-adherence among elderly patients newly discharged and receiving polypharmacy. Drugs Aging 31(4):283–289. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40266-014-0163-7
Ulley J, Harrop D, Ali A, Alton S, Fowler DS (2019) Deprescribing interventions and their impact on medication adherence in community-dwelling older adults with polypharmacy: a systematic review. BMC Geriatr 19(1):15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-019-1031-4
Rhalimi M, Rauss A, Housieaux E (2018) Drug-related problems identified during geriatric medication review in the community pharmacy. Int J Clin Pharm 40(1):109–118. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11096-017-0571-y
Devik SA, Olsen RM, Fiskvik IL, Halbostad T, Lassen T, Kuzina N, Enmarker I (2018) Variations in drug-related problems detected by multidisciplinary teams in Norwegian nursing homes and home nursing care. Scand J Prim Health Care. 36(3):291–299. https://doi.org/10.1080/02813432.2018.1499581
Edwards IR, Aronson JK (2000) Adverse drug reactions: definitions, diagnosis, and management. Lancet 356(9237):1255–1259. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(00)02799-9
Agbabiaka TB, Savović J, Ernst E (2008) Methods for causality assessment of adverse drug reactions: a systematic review. Drug Saf 31(1):21–37. https://doi.org/10.2165/00002018-200831010-00003
Alhawassi TM, Krass I, Bajorek BV, Pont LG (2014) A systematic review of the prevalence and risk factors for adverse drug reactions in the elderly in the acute care setting. Clin Interv Aging 1(9):2079–2086. https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S71178
Beijer HJ, de Blaey CJ (2002) Hospitalisations caused by adverse drug reactions (ADR): a meta-analysis of observational studies. Pharm World Sci 24(2):46–54. https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1015570104121
Chan M, Nicklason F, Vial JH (2001) Adverse drug events as a cause of hospital admission in the elderly. Intern Med J. 31(4):199–205. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1445-5994.2001.00044.x
Rochon PA, Gurwitz JH (1997) Optimising drug treatment for elderly people: the prescribing cascade. BMJ 315(7115):1096–1099. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.315.7115.1096
Petrovic M, Tangiisuran B, Rajkumar C, van der Cammen T, Onder G (2017) Predicting the risk of adverse drug reactions in older inpatients: external validation of the GerontoNet ADR Risk Score Using the CRIME Cohort. Drugs Aging 34(2):135–142. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40266-016-0428-4
WHO. The Importance of Pharmacovigilance - Safety Monitoring of Medicinal Products, 2012 Available on http://digicollection.org/hss/fr/d/Js4893e/9.html
Hartigan-Go K, Wong JQ (2000) Inclusion of therapeutic failures as adverse drug reaction. Side Effects Drugs Annu 23:2
Kovačević SV, Miljković B, Ćulafić M, Kovačević M, Golubović B, Jovanović M, Vučićević K, de Gier JJ (2017) Evaluation of drug-related problems in older polypharmacy primary care patients. J Eval Clin Pract 23(4):860–865. https://doi.org/10.1111/jep.12737
Mestres C, Hernandez M, Agustí A, Puerta L, Llagostera B, Amorós P (2018) Development of a pharmaceutical care program in progressive stages in geriatric institutions. BMC Geriatr 18(1):316. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-018-1002-1
Ruiz-Millo O, Climente-Martí M, Galbis-Bernácer AM, Navarro-Sanz JR (2017) Clinical impact of an interdisciplinary patient safety program for managing drug-related problems in a long-term care hospital. Int J Clin Pharm 39(6):1201–1210. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11096-017-0548-x
Hallas J, Gram LF, Grodum E, Damsbo N, Brøsen K, Haghfelt T, Harvald B, Beck-Nielsen J, Worm J, Jensen KB et al (1992) Drug related admissions to medical wards: a population based survey. Br J Clin Pharmacol 33(1):61–68. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2125.1992.tb04001.x
Franceschi A, Tuccori M, Bocci G, Vannozzi F, Di Paolo A, Barbara C, Lastella M, Blandizzi C, Del Tacca M (2004) Drug therapeutic failures in emergency department patients. A university hospital experience. Pharmacol Res 49(1):85–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrs.2003.08.001
Vaca González CP, Martínez RP, López Gutiérrez JJ, Sánchez Pedraza R, Figueras A (2013) Algorithm for the evaluation of therapeutic failure reports–proposal and pilot analysis. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 22(2):199–206. https://doi.org/10.1002/pds.3355
Ruiz-Garzon JA, Rojas-Velandia CA, Calderon-Ospina CA. Drug therapeutic failures as a cause of admission to an intensive care unit at a university hospital. J Res Pharm Pract [serial online] 2019 [cited 2020 Oct 1];8:168–73. Available from: http://www.jrpp.net/text.asp?2019/8/3/168/269277
Kaiser RM, Schmader KE, Pieper CF, Lindblad CI, Ruby CM, Hanlon JT (2006) Therapeutic failure-related hospitalisations in the frail elderly. Drugs Aging 23(7):579–586. https://doi.org/10.2165/00002512-200623070-00004
Schnurrer JU, Stichtenoth DO, Frölich JC (2002) Knowledge on drug dosages of ward physicians. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 58(1):65–67. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00228-002-0437-6
Petrovic M, Somers A, Onder G (2016) Optimization of geriatric pharmacotherapy: role of multifaceted cooperation in the hospital setting. Drugs Aging 33(3):179–188. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40266-016-0352-7
Abbott RA, Moore DA, Rogers M, Bethel A, Stein K, Coon JT (2020) Effectiveness of pharmacist home visits for individuals at risk of medication-related problems: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMC Health Serv Res 20(1):39. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-019-4728-3
Renaudin P, Boyer L, Esteve MA, Bertault-Peres P, Auquier P, Honore S (2016) Do pharmacist-led medication reviews in hospitals help reduce hospital readmissions? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Clin Pharmacol 82(6):1660–1673
Redmond P, Grimes TC, McDonnell R, Boland F, Hughes C, Fahey T (2018) Impact of medication reconciliation for improving transitions of care. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD010791
Van der Linden L, Hias J, Walgraeve K, Flamaing J, Tournoy J, Spriet I (2020) Clinical pharmacy services in older inpatients: an evidence-based review. Drugs Aging 37(3):161–174. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40266-019-00733-1
Cheng S, Siddiqui TG, Gossop M, Kristoffersen ES, Lundqvist C (2019) The severity of dependence scale detects medication misuse and dependence among hospitalized older patients. BMC Geriatr 19(1):174