Receptor Acetylcholine Nicotinic ở Động vật Có Phổi: Từ Cấu Trúc Đến Chức Năng
Tóm tắt
Các nghiên cứu cổ điển về nicotine của Langley vào đầu thế kỷ 20 đã giới thiệu khái niệm "chất tiếp nhận", từ đó khái niệm "thụ thể" bắt đầu được hình thành. Các nghiên cứu tiếp theo, được hỗ trợ bởi cơ quan điện Torpedo, một nguồn phong phú của các thụ thể nicotinic loại cơ (nAChRs), và sự phát hiện α-bungarotoxin, một loại độc tố rắn mà gắn kết pseudo-bất hồi phục với nAChR cơ, đã dẫn đến việc nAChR cơ trở thành kênh ion nhạy cảm với thụ thể được mô tả tốt nhất cho đến nay. Với sự phát triển của các nghiên cứu chức năng và di truyền vào cuối những năm 1980, sự tồn tại của nAChRs trong não của động vật có vú đã được xác nhận và nhận thức rằng nhiều loại nAChR đóng góp vào tính chất tâm lý của nicotine và các loại thuốc khác cũng như vào bệnh lý thần kinh của nhiều bệnh, bao gồm Alzheimer, Parkinson và tâm thần phân liệt, đã xuất hiện kể từ đó. Bài đánh giá này cung cấp một cái nhìn tổng quan toàn diện về những phát hiện này và những phát hiện gần đây về tác động của sự đa dạng phong phú trong chức năng và biểu hiện của gia đình thụ thể này đối với các tế bào thần kinh và không phải thần kinh trong toàn bộ cơ thể. Mặc dù có nhiều phát triển này, nhưng hiểu biết của chúng ta về những đóng góp của các loại nAChR thần kinh cụ thể vào nhiều khía cạnh của sinh lý học trong toàn bộ cơ thể vẫn còn ở giai đoạn sơ khai.
Từ khóa
#Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors #ligand-gated ion channels #neuropharmacology #receptor diversity #mammalian brain.Tài liệu tham khảo
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