Mail survey response behavior

Albaum, G. (1987, “Do source and anonymity affect mail survey results?”, Academy of Marketing Science, Vol. 15 No. 3, pp. 74‐81.

Allen, C.T., Schewe, C.D. and Wijk, G. (1980, “More on self‐perceptions theory’s first technique in the pre‐call/mail survey setting”, Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 1, pp. 498‐502.

Andreasen, A.R. (1970, “Personalizing mail questionnaire correspondence”, Public Opinion Quarterly, Vol. 34, pp. 273‐7.

Armstrong, J.S. (1975, “Monetary incentives in mail surveys”, Public Opinion Quarterly, Vol. 39, pp. 111‐16.

Armstrong, J.S. and Lusk, E. (1987, “Return postage in mail surveys”, Public Opinion Quarterly, Vol. 51, pp. 233‐48.

Berdie, D.R. (1973, “Questionnaire length and response rate”, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 58, pp. 278‐80.

Blumenfeld, W.S. (1973, “Effect of appearance of corresponding on response rate to a mailed questionnaire”, Psychological Reports, Vol. 32, p. 178.

Brook, L.L. (1978, “The effect of different postage combinations on response levels and speed of reply”, Journal of the Market Research Society, Vol. 20, pp. 238‐44.

Carpenter, E.H. (1975, “Personalizing mail surveys: a replication and reassessment”, Public Opinion Quarterly, Vol. 38, p. 614.

Childers, T.L. and Ferrell, O.C. (1979, “Response rates and perceived questionnaire length in mail surveys”, Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 16, pp. 429‐31.

Childers, T.L. and Skinner, S.J. (1985, “Theoretical and empirical issues in the identification of survey respondents”, Market Research Society, Journal of Market Research Society, Vol. 27, p. 39.

Childers, T.L., Pride, W.M. and Ferrell, O.C. (1980, “A reassessment of the effects of appeals on response to mail surveys”, Journal of Marketing Research, pp. 365‐70.

Cochran, W.G. (1950, “The comparison of percentages in matches samples”, Biometrika, pp. 256‐65.

Cox, E.P., Anderson, W.T. and Fletcher, D.G. (1974, “Reappraising mail survey response rates”, Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 11, pp. 413‐17.

Craig, C.S. and McCann, J.M. (1978, “Item nonresponse in mail surveys: extent and correlates”, Journal of Marketing Research, pp. 385‐90.

Dillman, D.A. and Frey, J.H. (1974, “Contribution of personalization to mail questionnaire response as an element of a previously tested method”, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 59, pp. 297‐301.

Dommeyer, C.J. (1985, “Does response to an offer of mail survey results interact with questionnaire interest?”, Journal of the Market Research Society, Vol. 27, pp. 27‐38.

Doob, A.J.F. and Carlsmith, J. (1973, “Effects of sponsor and prepayment on compliance with a mailed request”, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 57, pp. 346‐7.

Downs, P.E. and Kerr, J.R. (1986, “Recent evidence on the relationship between anonymity and response variables for mail surveys”, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Vol. 14 No. 1, pp. 72‐82.

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Erdos, P.L. (1974, “Data collection methods: mail surveys”, in Ferber, R. (Ed.), Handbook of Marketing Research, pp. 2/90 ‐ 2/104.

Etzel, M.J. and Walker, B.J. (1974, “Effects of follow‐up procedures on mail survey response rates”, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 59, pp. 219‐21.

Festinger, L.A. (1957, Theory of Cognitive Dissonance, Row, Peterson, Evanston, , IL.

Field, J.S. (1975, “Effects of sex of investigator on mail survey response rates and response bias”, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 60, pp. 772‐3.

Files, J.A. (1984, “Do incentives affect mail‐survey response rates”, Public Relations Journal, Vol. 40, May, p. 8.

Ford, N.M. (1967, “The advance letter in mail surveys”, Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 4, pp. 202‐4.

Ford, N.M. (1968, “Questionnaire appearance and response rates in mail surveys”, Journal of Advertising Research, Vol. 8, September, pp. 43‐5.

Friedman, H.M. and Augustine, A.J.S. (1979, “The effects of monetary incentive and ethnicity of the sponsor’s signature on the rate and quality of response to a mail survey”, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Vol. 7, pp. 95‐101.

Friedman, H.M. and Goldstein, L. (1975, “Effect of ethnicity of signature on the rate of return and content of a mail questionnaire”, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 60, pp. 770‐1.

Fuller, C. (1974, “Effect of anonymity on return rate and response bias in a mail survey”, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 59, pp. 292‐6.

Furse, D.H. and Stewart, D.W. (1982, “Monetary incentives versus promised contribution to charity: new evidence on mail survey response”, Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 19, pp. 375‐80.

Furse, D.W., Stewart, D.H. and Rados, D.L. (1981, “Effects of foot‐in‐the‐door, cash incentives, and follow‐ups on survey response”, Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 18, pp. 473‐8.

Futrell, C. and Hise, R.T. (1982, “The effects of anonymity and a same day deadline on the response rate to mail surveys”, European Research, Vol. 10, pp. 171‐5.

Futrell, C. and Swan, J.E. (1977, “Anonymity and response by salespeople to a mail questionnaire”, Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 14, pp. 611‐16.

Goetz, E.G., Tyler, T.R. and Cook, F.L. (1984, “Promised incentives in media research: a look at data quality, sample representativeness and response rate”, Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 21, May, pp. 148‐54.

Goodstat, M.S., Chung, L., Kronitz, R. and Cook, G. (1977, “Mail survey response rates: their manipulation and impact”, Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 14, August, pp. 391‐5.

Goulet, W.M. (1977, “Efficacy of a third request letter in mail surveys of professionals”, Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 14, pp. 112‐14.

Goyder, W.J. (1985, “Face‐to‐face interviews and mailed questionnaires: the net difference in response rate”, Vol. 49, pp. 234‐52.

Groeneman, S. (1986, “People respond when the price is right”, Marketing News, Vol. 20, 12 September, p. 29.

Guffey, H.J., Harris, J.R. and Guffey, M.M. (1980, “Stamped versus postal permits: a decisional guide for return postage in mail questionnaires”, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Vol. 8 No. 3, pp. 234‐42.

Hansen, R.A. (1980, “A self‐perception interpretation of the effect of monetary and nonmonetary incentives on mail survey respondent behavior”, Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 17, pp. 77‐83.

Hansen, R.A. and Robinson, L.M. (1980, “Testing the effectiveness of alternative foot‐in‐the‐door manipulations”, Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 17, pp. 359‐64.

Harris, J.R. and Guffey, H. Jr (1978, “Questionnaire returns: stamps versus business reply envelopes revisited”, Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 15, May, pp. 290‐3.

Hawkins, D.I. (1979, “The impact of sponsor identification and direct disclosure of respondents rights on the quantity and quality of mail survey data”, Journal of Business, Vol. 52, pp. 577‐90.

Henley, J.R. (1976, “Response rate to mail questionnaires with a return deadline”, Public Opinion Quarterly, Vol. 40, pp. 374‐5.

Hinrichs, J.R. (1975, “Factors related to survey response rates”, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 60 No. 2, pp. 249‐51.

Hornik, J. (1981, “Time cue and time perception effect on response to mail surveys”, Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 18, May, pp. 243‐8.

Houston, M.J. and Ford, N.M. (1976, “Broadening the scope of methodological research on mail surveys”, Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 13, pp. 397‐405.

Houston, M.J. and Jefferson, R.W. (1975, “The negative effects of personalization on response patterns in mail surveys”, Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 12, pp. 114‐17.

Houston, M.J. and Nevin, J.R. (1977, “The effects of source and appeal on mail survey response rates”, Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 14, August, pp. 374‐8.

Hsu, T.C. and Feldt, L.A. (1969, “The effect of limitations on the number of criterion scores on the significance level of the f‐test”, American Education Research Journal, Vol. 6, November, pp. 515‐27.

Hubbard, R. and Little, E.L. (1988, “Cash prizes and mail survey response rates: a threshold analysis”, Academy of Marketing Science, Vol. 16 No. 3, pp. 42‐4.

Huck, S.W. and Gleason, E.M. (1974, “Using monetary inducements to increase response rates from mailed surveys”, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 59, pp. 222‐5.

Huxley, S.J. (1980, “Predicting response speed in mail surveys”, Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 17, February, pp. 39‐63.

Jobber, D. and Saunders, J. (1988, “Modelling the effects of prepaid monetary incentives on mail‐survey response”, Journal of the Operational Research Society, Vol. 39 No. 4, pp. 365‐72.

Jolson, M.A. (1977, “How to double or triple mail survey response rates”, Journal of Marketing, Vol. 41, October, pp. 78‐81.

Jones, W. and Linda, G. (1978, “Multiple criteria effects in a mail survey experiment”, Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 15, May, pp. 280‐4.

Jones, W.H. and Lang, J.R. (1980, “Sample composition bias and response bias in a mail survey: a comparison of inducement methods”, Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 17, February, pp. 69‐76.

Kanuk, L. and Berenson, C. (1975, “Mail survey and response rates: a literature review”, Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 12, November, pp. 440‐53.

Kawash, M.B. and Aleamoni, L.M. (1971, “Effect of personal signature on the initial rate of return of a mailed questionnaire”, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 55, pp. 589‐92.

Kernan, J.B. (1971, “Are ‘bulk rate occupants’ really unresponsive?”, Public Opinion Quarterly, Vol. 35, pp. 420‐4.

Labrecque, D.P. (1978, “A response rate experiment using mail questionnaires”, Journal of Marketing, Vol. 42, October, pp. 82‐3.

Little, T.E. and Pressley, M.M. (1980, “A multifactor experiment on the generalizability of direct mail advertising response techniques to mail survey design”, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Vol. 8 No. 4, pp. 390‐404.

McCrohan, K.F. and Lowe, L.S. (1981, “A cost/benefit approach to postage used on mail questionnaires”, Journal of Marketing, Vol. 45, Winter, pp. 130‐3.

McDaniel, S.W. and Rao, C.P. (1980, “An investigation of respondent anonymity’s effect on mailed questionnaire response rate and quality”, Journal of the Marketing Research Society, Vol. 23, pp. 150‐60.

McDaniel, S.W. and Rao, C.P. (1981, “The effect of monetary inducement on mailed questionnaire response quality”, Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 17, May, pp. 265‐9.

McGinnis, M.A. and Hollon, C.J. (1977, “Mail survey response rate and bias: the effect of home vs. work address”, Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 14, pp. 383‐4.

Myers, J.H. and Haug, A.F. (1969, “How a preliminary letter affects mail survey returns and costs”, Journal of Advertising Research, Vol. 9, September, pp. 37‐9.

Nederhof, A.J. (1983, “The effects of material incentives in mail surveys: two studies”, Public Opinion Quarterly, Vol. 47, pp. 103‐11.

Neter, J. and Wasserman, W. (1974, Applied Linear Statistical Models, Irwin, Homewood, IL.

Parsons, R.J. and Medford, T.S. (1972, “The effect of advance notice in mail surveys of homogeneous groups”, Public Opinion Quarterly, Vol. 36, pp. 258‐9.

Peterson, R.A. (1975, “An experimental investigation of mail survey responses”, Journal of Business Research, Vol. 3, July, pp. 199‐210.

Pucel, D.J., Nelson, H.F. and Wheeler, D.N. (1971, “Questionnaire follow‐up returns as a function of incentives and responder characteristics”, Vocational Guidance Quarterly, Vol. 19, pp. 188‐93.

Roberts, R.E., McCroy, D.F. and Forthofer, R.N. (1978, “Further evidence on using a deadline to stimulate responses to a mail survey”, Public Opinion Quarterly, Vol. 42, pp. 407‐10.

Roscoe, A.M., Lang, D. and Sheth, J.N. (1975, “Follow‐up methods, questionnaire length, and market differences in mail surveys”, Journal of Marketing, Vol. 39, April, pp. 20‐7.

Rotondi, T. (1989, “The anonymity factor in questionnaire surveys”, Personnel Journal, Vol. 68, p. 92.

Simon, R. (1967, “Response to personal and form letters in mail surveys”, Journal of Advertising Research, Vol. 7, March, pp. 28‐30.

Skinner, S.J., Ferrell, O.C. and Pride, W.M. (1986, “Personal and nonpersonal incentives in mail surveys: immediate vs. delayed inducements”, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 1984, Winter, pp. 106‐14.

Stafford, J.E. (1966, “Influence of preliminary contact on mail returns”, Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 3, pp. 410‐11.

Tyagi, P.K. (1989, “The effects of appeals, anonymity, and feedback on mail survey response patterns from salespeople”, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Vol. 17 No. 3, pp. 235‐41.

Vocino, T. (1977, “Three variables in stimulating responses to mailed questionnaires”, Journal of Marketing, Vol. 41, October, pp. 76‐8.

Walker, B.J. and Burdick, R.K. (1977, “Advance correspondence and error in mail surveys”, Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 14, August, pp. 379‐82.

Whitmore, W.J. (1976, “Mail survey premiums and response bias”, Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 13, pp. 46‐50.

Wildman, R.C. (1977, “Effects of anonymity and social setting on survey responses”, Public Opinion Quarterly, Vol. 47, pp. 74‐9.

Wotruba, T.R. (1966, “Monetary inducements and mail questionnaire response”, Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 3, pp. 398‐400.

Wynn, G.W. and McDaniel, S.W. (1985, “The effect of alternative foot‐in‐the‐door manipulations on mailed questionnaire response rate and quality”, Journal of the Marketing Research Society, Vol. 27, pp. 15‐26.

Yu, J. and Cooper, H. (1983, “A quantitative review of research design effects on response rates to questionnaires”, Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 20, February, pp. 36‐44.