Mức độ tiếp xúc chì trong môi trường thấp và sự suy giảm trí tuệ ở trẻ em — Những khái niệm hiện tại về đánh giá rủi ro
Tóm tắt
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM). Scientific Opinion on Lead in Food. EFSA J 2010;8:1570.
World Health Organization (WHO). Health risks of heavy metals from long-range transboundary air pollution. Joint WHO/Convention Task Force on the Health Aspects of Air Pollution. Copenhagen: WHO; 2007.
Wilhelm M, Wittsieppe J, Schrey P, Hilbig A, Kersting M. Consumption of homegrown products does not increase dietary intake of arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury by young children living in the industrialized area of Germany. Sci Total Environ 2005;343:61–70.
United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). Guidance Manual for the Integrated Exposure Uptake Biokinetic Model for Lead in Children. Overview of changes From IEUBKwin version 1 build 2646 to IEUBKwin version 1.1. US EPA; 2009.
JEFCA. Safety evaluation of certain food additives and contaminants. Fifty-third Meeting of the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Addditives. WHO Food Additives Series 44. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2000.
Schultz Ch, Angerer J, Ewers U, Heudorf U, Wilhelm M. Revised and new reference values for environmental pollutants in urine or blood of children in Germany from the German Environmental Survey on Children 2003–2006 (GerES IV). Int J Hyg Environ Health 2009;212:637–647.
Batariova A, Spevackova V, Benes B, Cejchanova M, Smid J, Cerna M. Blood and urine levels of Pb, Cd and Hg in the general population of the Czech Republic and proposed reference values. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2006;209:359–366.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). National report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals. Atlanta: CDC; 2010.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Preventing Lead Poisoning in Young Children. Atlanta: CDC; 2005.
World Health Organization (WHO). Air Quality Guidelines for Europe. Second Edition. WHO Regional Publications, European Series, No 91. Copenhagen: WHO; 2000.
Landrigan P, Nordberg M, Lucchini R, Nordberg G, Grandjean P, Iregren A, et al. The declaration of Brescia on prevention of the neurotoxicity of metals. Am J Ind Med 2006;50:709–711.
Gilbert SG, Weiss B. A rationale for lowering the blood lead action level from 10 to 2 µg/dl. Neurotoxicology 2006;27:693–601.
Wilhelm M, Heinzow B, Angerer J, Schulz C. Reassessment of critical lead effects by the German Human Biomonitoring Commission results in suspension of the human biomonitoring values (HBM I and HBM II) for lead in blood of children and adults. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2010;213(4):265–269. DOI10.1016/J.ijheh.2010.04.002.
ILZRO and EBRC Consulting. Voluntary risk assessment report on lead and some inorganic lead compounds [final draft]. March 2008.
World Health Organization (WHO). IPCS Environmental Health Criteria 165. Inorganic lead. Geneva: WHO; 1995.
Lanphear BP, Hornung R, Khoury J, Yolton K, Baghurst P, Bellinger DC, et al. Low-level environmental lead exposure and children’s intellectual function: An international pooled analysis. Environ Health Persp 2005;113:894–899.
Mirana ML, Kim D, Galeano MA, Paul CJ, Hull AP, Morgan SP. The relationship between early blood lead levels and performance on end-of-grade tests. Environ Health Persp 2007;115:1242–1247.
Jusko TA, Henderson CR, Lanphear BP, Cory-Slechta DA, Parsons PJ, Canfield RL. Blood lead concentrations < 10 μg/dl and child intelligence at 6 years of age. Environ Health Persp 2008;116:243–248.
Carlisle JC, Dowling KC, Siegel DM, Alexeeff V. A blood lead benchmark for assessing risk from childhood lead exposure. J Environ Sci Health Part A 2009;44(12):1200–1208.