Lost in diversity: the interactions between soil‐borne fungi, biodiversity and plant productivity

New Phytologist - Tập 218 Số 2 - Trang 542-553 - 2018
Liesje Mommer1, T. E. Anne Cotton2,3, Jos M. Raaijmakers4, A.J. Termorshuizen5, Jasper van Ruijven1, Marloes Hendriks6, Sophie Q. van Rijssel1, Judith E. van de Mortel7, Jan Willem van der Paauw1, Elio Schijlen8, Annemiek E. Smit‐Tiekstra6, Frank Berendse1, Hans de Kroon6, Alex J. Dumbrell3
1Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation Group, Wageningen University, PO Box 47, Wageningen, 6700 AA the Netherlands
2Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S10 2TN UK
3School of Biological Sciences, University of Essex, Wivenhoe Park, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK
4Department of Microbial Ecology, Netherlands Institute for Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), PO Box 50, Wageningen, 6700 AB the Netherlands
5Soil Cares Research, Nieuwe Kanaal 7C, Wageningen, 6709 PA the Netherlands
6Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Experimental Plant Ecology, Radboud University Nijmegen, PO Box 9010, Nijmegen, 6500 GL the Netherlands
7HAS University of Applied Sciences, Department of Applied Biology, University of Applied Sciences, Spoorstraat 62, Venlo, 5911 KJ the Netherlands
8Wageningen University and Research BU Bioscience, PO Box 16, Wageningen, 6700 AA the Netherlands

Tóm tắt

Summary There is consensus that plant species richness enhances plant productivity within natural grasslands, but the underlying drivers remain debated. Recently, differential accumulation of soil‐borne fungal pathogens across the plant diversity gradient has been proposed as a cause of this pattern. However, the below‐ground environment has generally been treated as a ‘black box’ in biodiversity experiments, leaving these fungi unidentified. Using next generation sequencing and pathogenicity assays, we analysed the community composition of root‐associated fungi from a biodiversity experiment to examine if evidence exists for host specificity and negative density dependence in the interplay between soil‐borne fungi, plant diversity and productivity. Plant species were colonised by distinct (pathogenic) fungal communities and isolated fungal species showed negative, species‐specific effects on plant growth. Moreover, 57% of the pathogenic fungal operational taxonomic units (OTUs) recorded in plant monocultures were not detected in eight plant species plots, suggesting a loss of pathogenic OTUs with plant diversity. Our work provides strong evidence for host specificity and negative density‐dependent effects of root‐associated fungi on plant species in grasslands. Our work substantiates the hypothesis that fungal root pathogens are an important driver of biodiversity‐ecosystem functioning relationships.

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New Phytologist

Tập 218 Số 2

542-553

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