Lost in another language: a case report
Tóm tắt
In foreign language syndrome, patients switch from their native language and fixate for a period of time on a second language. There have been few reported cases. The language switch typically occurs postoperatively and spontaneously resolves after a short period of time. The primary cause of this switching remains unclear. There is speculation about the involvement of anesthesia, but its specific influence remains unclear. A 17-year-old Dutch Caucasian male lost the ability to understand and speak Dutch for 24 hours after an orthopedic surgery, combined with a brief confused state including disorientation of place and the inability to recognize his parents. During the period, he communicated in English, which he had learned during school classes but had never spoken outside of school. Further follow-up, including neuropsychological examination, revealed no indication of cognitive impairment. The exact pathophysiology of foreign language syndrome remains unclear, most specifically whether it is a syndrome of its own or a phenotype of emergence delirium. There is still much to be learned, and further research is needed.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Tsuruga K, Kobayashi T, Hirai N, Kato S. Foreign accent syndrome in a case of dissociative (conversion) disorder. Seishin Shinkeigaku Zasshi. 2008;110:79–87 (Japanese).
Jones HN, Story TJ, Collins TA, DeJoy D, Edwards CL. Multidisciplinary assessment and diagnosis of conversion disorder in a patient with foreign accent syndrome. Behav Neurol. 2011;24:245–55.
Verhoeven J, Mariën P, Engelborghs S, D’Haenen H, De Deyn P. A foreign speech accent in a case of conversion disorder. Behav Neurol. 2005;16:225–32.
Chanson JB, Kremer S, Blanc F, Marescaux C, Namer IJ, de Seze J. Foreign accent syndrome as a first sign of multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler. 2009;15:1123–5.
Webster CS, Grieve ROS. Transient fixation on a non-native language associated with anaesthesia. Anaesthesia. 2005;60:283–6.
Pollard EM, Weingarten TN, Sprung J. Postoperative foreign language syndrome. J Clin Anesth. 2017;38:7–8.
Sikich N, Lerman J. Development and psychometric evaluation of the pediatric anesthesia emergence delirium scale. Anesthesiology. 2004;100:1138–45.
Dahmani S, Delivet H, Hilly J. Emergence delirium in children. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. 2014;27(3):309–15.
Ing C, DiMaggio C, Whitehouse A, Hegarty M, Brady J, von Ungern-Sternberg B, et al. Long-term differences in language and cognitive function after childhood exposure to anesthesia. Pediatrics. 2012;130(3):476–85.
Green S, Reivonen S, Rutter LM, Nouzova E, Duncan N, Clarke C, et al. Investigating speech and language impairments in delirium: a preliminary case–control study. PLoS ONE. 2018. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0207527.
Malarbi S, Stargatt R, Howard K, Davidson A. Characterizing the behavior of children emerging with delirium from general anesthesia. Pediatr Anaesth. 2011;21:942–50.
Eijlers R, Dierckx B, Staals LM, Berghmans JM, van der Schroeff MP, Strabbing EM, Wijnen RMH, Hillegers MHJ, Legerstee JS, Utens EMWJ. Virtual reality exposure before elective day care surgery to reduce anxiety and pain in children. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2019;36:728–37.
Hilly J, Hörlin AL, Kinderf J, et al. Preoperative preparation workshop reduces postoperative maladaptive behavior in children. Paediatr Anaesth. 2015;25(10):990–8.
Ryu JH, Oh AY, Yoo HJ, Kim JH, Park JW, Han SH. The effect of an immersive virtual reality tour of the operating theater on emergence delirium in children undergoing general anesthesia: a randomized controlled trial. Paediatr Anaesth. 2019;29(1):98–105.
Zhong Q, Qu X, Xu C. Effect of preoperative visiting operation room on emergence agitation in preschool children under sevoflurane anesthesia. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2018;104:32–5.
Arai YC, Ito H, Kandatsu N, Kurokawa S, Kinugasa S, Komatsu T. Parental presence during induction enhances the effect of oral midazolam on emergence behavior of children undergoing general anesthesia. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2007;51(7):858–61.
Kain ZN, Caldwell-Andrews AA, Mayes LC, Weinberg ME, Wang SM, MacLaren JE, Blount RL. Family-centered preparation for surgery improves perioperative outcomes in children: a randomized controlled trial. Anesthesiology. 2007;106(1):65–74.
Ward ME, Marshall JC. ‘Speaking in tongues’: paradoxical fixation on a non-native language following anaesthesia. Anaesthesia. 1999;54:1201–3.
Cosgrove JF. ‘Speaking in tongues’. Fixation on a non-native language at induction of anaesthesia. Anaesthesia. 2000;55:728.
Akpek EA, Sulemanji DS, Arslan G. Effects of anesthesia on linguistic skills: can anesthesia cause language switches? Anesth Analg. 2002;95(4):1127.
Ivashkov Y, Hui C, Bhananker SM. Transient post-anaesthetic foreign language fixation: two case reports. Anaesth Cases. 2016;4:53–7.