Long-term neuropsychological outcomes of very low birth weight: Associations with early risks for periventricular brain insults

Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society - Tập 10 Số 7 - Trang 987-1004 - 2004
H. Gerry Taylor1, Nori Minich1, Barbara Bangert2, Pauline A. Filipek3, Maureen Hack1
1Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University and Rainbow Babies & Children's Hospital, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, Ohio
2Department of Radiology & Neurosurgery, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, Ohio
3Departments of Pediatrics & Neurology, University of California Irvine Medical Center, Irvine, California

Tóm tắt

Few follow-up studies of children with very low birth weight (VLBW, <1,500 g) have examined neuropsychological sequelae at later ages or neonatal risks as predictors of these outcomes. The present study assessed cognitive skills at mean age 16 years in 48 participants with <750 g birth weight, 47 with 750–1,499 g birth weight, and 52 term-born controls. Our major objectives were to delineate the long-term cognitive consequences of VLBW, and to determine if risks for periventricular brain insults accounted for variations in outcomes. Analysis revealed poorer outcomes for the <750 g group than for term-born controls on nearly all measures, with specific impairments in visual–motor skills, spatial memory, and executive function. Predictors of outcome for participants with VLBW included lower birth weight, lower weight for gestational age, and a longer period of oxygen requirement for chronic lung disease. The longer-term consequences of VLBW are consistent with expectations based on early brain pathology and suggest limitations to functional plasticity. (JINS, 2004,10, 987–1004.)

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Bates, E. & Roe, K. (2001).Language development in children with unilateral brain injury. In C.A. Nelson & M. Luciana (Eds.),Handbook of developmental cognitive neuroscience (pp.281–308).Cambridge, MA:The MIT Press.

Salmon, D.P. , Heindel, W.C. , & Hamilton, J.M. (2001).Cognitive abilities mediated by frontal-subcortical circuits. In D.G. Lichter & J.L. Cummings (Eds.),Frontal–subcortical circuits in psychiatric and neurologicaldisorders (pp.114–150).Guilford.

Hack, M. , Klein, N. , & Taylor, H.G. (1996b).School-age outcomes of children of extremely low birth weight andgestational age.Seminars in Neonatology,1,227–288.

10.1056/NEJMoa010856

10.1097/00004703-199808000-00001

10.2307/1131606

Taylor, H.G. , Burant, C.J. , Holding, P.A. , Klein, N. , & Hack, M. (2002).Sources of variability in sequelae of very low birth weight.Child Neuropsychology,8,164–178.

10.1006/jecp.1996.2326

10.1542/peds.100.3.354

D'Esposito, M. & Postle, B.R. (2002).The neural basis of working memory storage, rehearsal, and controlprocesses: Evidence from patient and functional magnetic resonanceimaging studies. In L.R. Squire & D.L Schacter (Eds.),Neuropsychology of memory(3rd ed., pp.215–224).New York:Guilford.

10.1136/adc.64.6.839

Botting, N. , Powls, A. , Cooke, R.W.I. , & Marlow, N. (1998).Cognitive and educational outcome of very low birth weight childrenin early adolescence.Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology,40,652–660.

Hack, M. (1999).Consideration of the use of health status, functional outcome andquality-of-life to monitor neonatal intensive care practice.Pediatrics,103,319–328.

Taylor, H.G. , Schatschneider, C. , & Minich, N.M. (2000d).Longitudinal outcomes of Haemphilus influenzae meningitis inschool-age children.Neuropsychology,14,509–518.

10.1542/peds.112.1.176

10.1097/00004703-200102000-00002

Taylor, H.G. , Klein, N. , & Hack, M. (2000a).School-age consequences of <750 g birth weight: A review andupdate.Developmental Neuropsychology,17,289–321.

Hutton, J.L. , Pharoah, P.O.D. , Cooke, R.W.I. , & Stevenson, R.C. (1997).Differential effects of preterm birth and small gestational age oncognitive and motor development.Archives of Disease in Childhood,76,F75–F81.

Beery, K.E. (1989).Revised administration, scoring, and teaching manual for theDevelopmental Test of Visual–Motor Integration.Cleveland, OH:Modern Curriculum Press.

Knowlton, B. (2002).The role of the basal ganglia in learning and memory. In L.R. Squire & D.L Schacter (Eds.),Neuropsychology of memory(3rd ed., pp.143–153).New York:Guilford.

10.1177/002221949803100202

Cole, C. , Hagadorn, J. , & Kim, C. (2002).Criteria for determining disability in infants and children: Lowbirth weight. Evidence report/Technology Assessment No. 70,Publication No. 03-E010.Rockville, MD:Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, U.S. Department ofHealth and Human Services.

Counsell, S.J. , Allsop, J.M. , Harrison, M.C. , Larkman, D.J. , Kennea, N.L. , Kapellou, O. , Cowan, F.M. , Hajnal, J.V. , Edwards, A.D. , & Rutherford, M.A. (2003).Diffusion-weighted imaging of the brain in preterm infants withfocal and diffuse white matter abnormality.Pediatrics,112,1–7.

Sattler, J.M. (1992).Assessment of children (revised and updated third edition).San Diego, CA:Jerome M. Sattler.

10.1080/01688639608408277

10.1037/0894-4105.17.1.3

Dennis, M. , Hetherington, C.R. , Spiegler, B.J. , & Barnes, M.A. (1999).Functional consequences of congenital cerebellar dysmorphologiesand acquired cerebellar lesions of childhood. In S.H. Broman & J.M. Fletcher (Eds.),The changing nervous system: Neurobehavioral consequences of earlybrain disorders (pp.172–198).New York:Oxford University Press.

10.1093/jpepsy/17.4.407

10.1207/s15374424jccp1704_10

10.1001/jama.284.15.1939

Hack, M. , Breslau, N. , Aram, D. , Weissman, B. , Klein, N. , & Borawski-Clark, E. (1992).The effect of very low birthweight and social risk onneurocognitive abilities at school age.Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics,13,412–420.

10.1017/S0012162299000663

10.1136/fn.77.2.F85

10.1111/j.1651-2227.1994.tb13068.x

CeNeS Cognition .(1996).Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB).CeNeS Limited:Cambridge, UK.

10.1016/S0378-3782(00)00055-4

10.1016/S0378-3782(98)00037-1

Broadbent, N.J. , Clark, R.E. , Zola, S. , & Squire, L.R. (2002).The medial temporal lobe and memory. In L.R. Squire & D.L Schacter (Eds.),Neuropsychology of memory(3rd ed., pp.3–23).New York:Guilford.

10.1093/oxfordjournals.bmb.a070866

10.1017/S1355617704102038

Stiles, J. (2000).Spatial cognitive development following prenatal or perinatalfocal brain injury. In H.S. Levin & J. Grafman (Eds.),Cerebral reorganization of function after brain damage (pp.201–217).New York:Oxford University Press.

Anderson, P. , Anderson, V. , Northam, E. , & Taylor, H.G. (2000).Standardization of the Contingency Naming Test (CNT) forschool-aged children: A measure of reactive flexibility.Clinical Neuropsychological Assessment,1,247–273.

10.1093/jpepsy/26.8.503

10.1017/S0012162299001644

10.2307/1129674

10.1016/S0146-0005(03)00055-7

10.1076/chin.8.2.83.8723

Taylor, H.G. , Klein, N. , Minich, N. , & Hack, M. (2000c).Verbal memory deficits in children with less than 750 g birthweight.Child Neuropsychology,6,49–63.

Hughes, C.A. , O'Gorman, L.A. , Shyr, Y. , Schork, M.A. , Bozynski, M.E.A. , & McCormick, M.C. (1999).Cognitive performance at school age of very low birth weightinfants with bronchopulmonary dysplagia.Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics,20,1–8.

Mesulam, M. (1985).Principles of behavioral neurology.Philadelphia:F.A. Davis.

10.1001/jama.289.24.3264

Rourke, B.P. (1989).Nonverbal learning disabilities: The syndrome and the model.New York:Guilford.

10.1097/00004703-199312010-00003

Gardner, R. (1979).The objective diagnosis of minimal brain dysfunction.Cresshill, NJ:Creative Therapies.

Inder, T.E. , Anderson, N.J. , Spencer, C. , Wells, S.J. , & Volpe, J.J. (2003).Periventricular white matter injury in the premature infant: Acomparison between serial ultrasound and MRI at term.American Journal of Neuroradiology,24,805–809.

Goyen, T. , Lui, K. , & Woods, R. (1998).Visual-motor, visual-perceptual, and fine motor outcomes invery-low-birthweight children at 5 years.Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology,40,76–81.

10.1053/siny.1999.0112

Milner, B. (1964).Some effects of frontal lobectomy in man. In J.M. Warren & K. Akert (Eds.),The frontal granular cortex and behavior (pp.313–334),New York:McGraw-Hill.

10.1136/fn.79.1.F12

Bachevalier, J. & Malkova, L. (2000).Neuropsychological indices of early medial temporal lobedysfunction in primates. In H.S. Levin & J. Grafman (Eds.),Cerebral reorganization of function after brain damage (pp.27–48).New York:Oxford University Press.

10.1098/rstb.1982.0082

Delis, D.C. , Kramer, J.H. , Kaplan, E. , & Ober, B.A. (2000).CVLT–II: California Verbal Learning Test, Adult Version,manual.San Antonio, TX:The Psychological Corporation.

Spreen, O. & Strauss, E. (1998).A compendium of neuropsychological tests: Administration, norms, andcommentary (2nd Ed.).New York:Oxford.

Luoma, L. , Herrgard, E. , Martikainen, A. , & Ahonen, T. (1998).Speech and language development of children born at ≤32 weeksgestation: A 5-year prospective follow-up study.Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology,40,380–387.

10.1136/adc.88.4.295

Roth, S.C. , Baudin, J. , McCormick, D.C. , Edwards, A.D. , Townsend, J. , Stewart, A.L. , & Reynolds, E.O.R. (1993).Relation between ultrasound appearance of the brain of very preterminfants and neurodevelopmental impairment at eight years.Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology,35,755–768.

Dammann, O. & Leviton, A. (1999).Brain damage in preterm newborns: Might enhancement ofdevelopmentally regulated endogenous protection open a door forprevention? Pediatrics,104,541–550.

10.1542/peds.108.6.1339

Bernstein, J.H. & Waber, D.P. (1996).Developmental scoring system for the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure:Professional manual.Odessa, FL:Psychological Assessment Resources.

10.1016/S0022-3476(05)81616-6

Garg, M. , Kurzner, S.I. , Bautista, D.B. , & Keens, T.G. (1988).Clinically unsuspected hypoxia during sleep and feeding in infantswith bronchopulmonary dysplasia.Pediatrics,81,635–642.

Klebanov, P.K. , Brooks-Gunn, J. , & McCormick, M.C. (1994).School achievement and failure in very low birthweight children.Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics,15,248–256.

10.1111/1469-7610.00152

10.1016/0006-3223(95)00399-1

10.1001/archpedi.156.6.615

10.1080/01688639308402558

Neville, H.J. & Bavelier, D. (2001).Variability of developmental plasticity. In J.L. McClelland & R.S. Siegler (Eds.),Mechanisms of cognitive development: Behavioral and neuralperspectives (pp.271–287).Mahwah, NJ:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Taylor, H.G. & Alden, J. (1997).Age-related differences in outcomes following childhood braininsults: An introduction and overview.Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society,3,555–567.

Luoma, L. , Herrgard, E. , & Martikainen, A. (1998).Neuropsychological analysis of the visuomotor problems in childrenborn preterm at ≤32 weeks gestation: A 5-year prospectivefollow-up.Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology,40,21–30.

10.1016/S0022-3476(69)80224-6

Aram, D.M. & Eisele, J.A. (1992).Plasticity and recovery of higher cognitive functions followingearly brain injury. In I. Rapin & S.J. Segalowitz (Eds.),Handbook of neuropsychology: Volume 6. Child neuropsychology (pp.73–92).Oxford, UK:Elsevier Science Publishers.

10.1016/0028-3932(82)90100-2

Hack, M. (1997).Effects of intrauterine growth retardation on mental performance andbehavior: Outcomes during adolescence and adulthood.European Journal of Clinical Nutrition,52(suppl. 1),65–71.

Hollingshead, A. (1975).Four Factor Index of Social Status.New Haven, CT:Yale University, Department of Sociology.

10.1016/S1071-9091(98)80030-2

10.1097/00004703-200202000-00002

Pennington, B.F. (1994).The working memory function of the prefrontal cortices:Implications for developmental and individual differences incognition. In M.M. Haith , J. Benson , R. Roberts , & B.F. Pennington (Eds.),The development of future oriented processes (pp.243–289).Chicago:University of Chicago Press.

10.1080/01460860290042611

10.1016/S0022-3476(99)70133-2

Ross, G. , Boatright, S. , Auld, P.A.M. , & Nass, R. (1996).Specific cognitive abilities in 2-year-old children withsubependymal and mild intraventricular hemorrhage.Brain and Cognition,32,1–13.

10.1002/1531-8249(199911)46:5<755::AID-ANA11>3.0.CO;2-0

10.1111/j.1651-2227.1996.tb13909.x

10.1111/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01612.x

10.1542/peds.105.2.325

10.1111/1467-8624.00370

Denckla, M.B. & Reiss, A.L. (1997).Prefrontal–subcortical circuits in developmental disorders.In N.A. Krasnegor , G.R. Lyon , & P.S. Goldman-Rakic (Eds.),Development of the prefrontal cortex: Evolution, neurobiology, andbehavior (pp.283–293).Baltimore:Paul H. Brookes.

Woods, S.P. , Weinborn, M. , Ball, J.D. , Tiller-Nevin, S. , & Pickett, T.C. (2000).Periventricular leukomalacia (PVL): An identical twin case studyillustration of white matter dysfunction and nonverbal learningdisability (NLD).Child Neuropsychology,6,274–285.

10.1002/ppul.1950130303

Gabrielson, J. , Hard, A.-L. , Ek, U. , Svensson, E. , Carlsson, G. , & Hellstrom, A. (2002).Large variability in Performance IQ associated with postnatalmorbidity, and reduced Verbal IQ among school-aged children bornpreterm.Acta Paediatrica,91,1371–1378.

10.1056/NEJM199409223311201

10.1016/S0028-3932(97)00109-7

Martin, J.A. , Hamilton, B.E. , Ventura, S. , & Menacker, F. (2002).Births: Final data for 2000.National Vital Statistics Reports,50,1–104.

Fletcher, J.M. , Landry, S.H. , Bohan, T.P. , Davidson, K.C. , Brookshire, B.L. , Lachar, D. , Kramer, L.A. , & Francis, D.J. (1997).Effects of intraventricular hemorrhage and hydrocephalus on thelong-term neurobehavioral development of preterm very-low-birthweightinfants.Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology,39,596–606.

10.1080/87565649409540586

10.1037/0012-1649.28.6.1067

Thompson, S. (1999).The source for nonverbal learning disorders.East Moline, IL:LinguiSystems.

Hack, M. , Friedman, H. , & Fanaroff, A.A. (1996a).Outcomes of extremely low birthweight infants.Pediatrics,98,931–937.

Taylor, H.G. , Klein, N. , Minich, N. , & Hack, M. (2000b).Middle school-age outcomes in children with very low birthweight.Child Development,71,1495–1511.

10.1017/S0012162299001140

10.1037/0894-4105.14.2.189

Volpe, J.J. (2001).Neurology of the newborn(4th ed.).Philadelphia:W.B. Saunders.

Wechsler, D. (1997).WAIS–III: Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale–ThirdEdition: Administration and scoring manual.San Antonio, TX:The Psychological Corporation.

10.1037/0894-4105.15.2.290

Golden, C.J. (1978).Stroop Color and Word Test: Manual for clinical and experimentaluses.Chicago:Stoelting.

10.1093/jpepsy/20.6.721

Wechsler, D. (1991).WISC–III: Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children–ThirdEdition: Manual.San Antonio, TX:The Psychological Corporation.

Anderson, P. , Doyle, L.W. , & the Victorian Infant Collaborative Study Group .(in press).Executive functioning in school-aged children born very preterm orwith extremely low birth weights in the 1990s.Pediatrics.

10.1017/S0012162299000262

Carrow-Woolfolk, E. (1999).Comprehensive Assessment of Spoken Language, manual.Circle Pines, MN:American Guidance Service.