Long-term alcohol consumption and brown adipose tissue in man
Tóm tắt
The purpose of the present work was to study whether long-term alcohol consumption in man affects the develeopment of brown adipose tissue. The adipose tissue around the thoracic aorta and common carotid arteries was collected at medicolegal autopsies on adults with a positive record of heavy alcohol consumption. Adults without any evident history of alcohol consumption served as controls. Histochemical reactions of the oxidative mitochondrial enzymes, cytochrome oxidase and succinate dehydrogenase were studied in samples of this adipose tissue and the activities of the enzymes were measured biochemically. There was histological evidence of some multilocular adipose tissue around the thoracic aorta and common carotid arteries of the alcohol consumers, whereas the adipose tissue from the non-drinkers was mostly unilocular resembling white adipose tissue. Histochemical evidence of brown adipose tissue was found in all alcohol consumers, but also in some of the controls. Biochemical cytochrome oxidase (CYO) and succinate dehydrogenase measurements in isolated mitochondria showed activity in 70% of the cases of drinkers and in one of the eight controls. Activity of CYO was measurable in the mitochondria from two other controls. The protein content of the samples from the alcoholics was twice that of the controls. The results suggest that chronic alcohol intake may induce a change in the white adipose tissue around the thoracic aorta and common carotid arteries of human adults into brown fat.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Aherne W, Hull D (1966) Brown adipose tissue and heat production in the newborn infant. J Pathol Bacteriol 91:223–234
Bukowiecki LJ, Géloën A, Collet AJ (1986) Proliferation and differentation of brown adipocytes from interstitial cells during cold acclimation. Am J Physiol 250 (Cell Physiol 19):C880-C887
Brück K (1976) Cold adaptation in man. In: Jansky L, Musacchia XJ (eds) Regulation of depressed metabolism and thermogenesis. Thomas, Springfield, pp 42–63
Burstone MS (1959) New histochemical techniques for the demonstration of tissue oxidase (cytochrome oxidase). J Histochem Cytochem 7:112–122
Cannon B, Lindberg O (1979) Mitochondria from brown adipose tissue: isolation and properties. Methods Enzymol 55:65–69
Foster DO, Frydman ML (1978) Non-shivering thermogenesis in the rat. II. Measurements of blood flow with microspheres point in brown adipose tissue as the dominant site of the calorigenesis induced by noradrenaline. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 56:110–122
Hassi J (1977) The brown adipose tissue in man. Structural and functional aspects in relation to age. Acta Universitatis Ouluensis, Series D Medica no. 21, Anatomica, Pathologica, Microbiologica no. 1, Oulu University, Oulu
Heaton JM (1972) The distribution of brown adipose tissue in the human. J Anat 112:35–39
Himms-Hagen J, Triandafillou J, Gwilliam C (1981) Brown adipose tissue of cafeteria-fed rats. Am J Physiol 241 (Endocrinol Metab 4):E116-E120
Huttunen P, Kortelainen ML (1988) Chronic alcohol intake induces the oxidative capacity of brown adipose tissue in the rat. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 29:53–57
Huttunen P, Penttinen J, Hivronen J (1980) The effect of ethanol and cold adaptation on the survival of guinea-pigs in severe cold. Z Rechtsmed 85:289–294
Huttunen P, Hirvonen J, Kinnula V (1981) The occurrence of brown adipose tissue in outdoor workers. J Appl Physiol 46:339–345
Janský L (1973) Non-shivering thermogenesis and its thermoregulatory significance. Biol Rev 48:85–132
Kimura T, Houter J, Singer TP (1967) Studies on succinate dehydrogenase. XIII Reversible activation of the mammalian enzyme. J Biol Chem 242:4987–4993
King TE (1967) Preparation of succinate dehydrogenase and reconstitution of succinate oxidase. Methods Enzymol 10:322–331
Lean MEJ, James WPT, Jennings G, Trayhurn P (1986) Brown adipose tissue in patients with phaeochromocytoma. Int J Obes 10:219–227
Lowry OH, Rosenbrough NJ, Fair AL, Randall RJ (1951) Protein measurement with the folin-phenol reagent. J Biol Chem 193:265–275
Menschik Z (1953) Histochemical comparison of brown and white adipose tissue in guinea-pigs. Anat Rev 116:439–455
Nachlas MM, Karmarbar SS, Seligman AM (1960) Variations in reduction of tetrazolium salts by dehydrogenase system. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 104:407–409
Romeis B (1968) Mikroskopische Technik. Oldenburg, Munich
Sims EAH (1967) Experimental obesity, dietary-induced thermogenesis, and their clinical implications. Clin Endocrinol Metab 5:377–395
Yonetani R, Ray GS (1965) Studies on cytochrome oxidase. VI Kinetics of the aerobic oxidation of ferrocytochrome c by cytochrome oxidase. J Biol Chem 240:3392–3398