Long-Term Use of Bisphosphonates in Osteoporosis

Watts, 2000, Bisphosphonate treatment for osteoporosis, In: Avioli LV, ed. The osteoporotic syndrome. San Diego: Academic Press;, 121, 10.1016/B978-012068705-3/50009-7

Russell, 2008, Mechanisms of action of bisphosphonates: similarities and differences and their potential influence on clinical efficacy, Osteoporos Int, 19, 733, 10.1007/s00198-007-0540-8

Bone, 2004, Ten years’ experience with alendronate for osteoporosis in postmenopausal women, N Engl J Med, 350, 1189, 10.1056/NEJMoa030897

Black, 2006, Effects of continuing or stopping alendronate after 5 years of treatment. The Fracture Intervention Trial long-term extension (FLEX): a randomized trial, JAMA, 296, 2927, 10.1001/jama.296.24.2927

Frith, 1997, Clodronate and liposome-encapsulated clodronate are metabolized to a toxic ATP analog, adenosine 5′ (β, γ-dichloromethylene) triphosphate, by mammalian cells in vitro, J Bone Miner Res, 12, 1358, 10.1359/jbmr.1997.12.9.1358

Rogers, 1999, Molecular mechanisms of action of bisphosphonates, Bone, 24, 73S, 10.1016/S8756-3282(99)00070-8

Adami, 1987, The acute phase response after bisphosphonate administration, Calcif Tissue Int, 41, 326, 10.1007/BF02556671

Gallacher, 1989, Side-effects of pamidronate, Lancet, 2, 42, 10.1016/S0140-6736(89)90277-8

Zojer, 1999, Comparative tolerability of drug therapies for hypercalcaemia of malignancy, Drug Saf, 21, 389, 10.2165/00002018-199921050-00004

Maalouf, 2006, Bisphosphonate-induced hypocalcemia: report of 3 cases and review of literature, Endocr Pract, 12, 48, 10.4158/EP.12.1.48

Miller, 2005, Safety and efficacy of risedronate in patients with age-related reduced renal function as estimated by the Cockcroft and Gault method: a pooled analysis of nine clinical trials, J Bone Miner Res, 20, 2105, 10.1359/JBMR.050817

Jamal, 2007, Alendronate treatment in women with normal to severely impaired renal function: an analysis of the Fracture Intervention Trial, J Bone Miner Res, 22, 503, 10.1359/jbmr.070112

Marx, 2003, Pamidronate (Aredia) and zoledronate (Zometa) induced avascular necrosis of the jaws: a growing epidemic, J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 61, 1115, 10.1016/S0278-2391(03)00720-1

Ruggiero, 2004, Osteonecrosis of the jaws associated with the use of bisphosphonates: a review of 63 cases, J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 62, 527, 10.1016/j.joms.2004.02.004

Woo, 2006, Systematic review: bisphosphonates and osteonecrosis of the jaws, Ann Intern Med, 144, 753, 10.7326/0003-4819-144-10-200605160-00009

Khosla, 2007, Bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaw: report of a task force of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research, J Bone Miner Res, 22, 1479, 10.1359/jbmr.0707onj

Kolata, 2006, Drug for bones is newly linked to jaw disease, New York Times

Rubin, 2005, Drug linked to death of jawbone, USA Today

Knox R 2006 Side effects noted with bone-loss drugs. National Public Radio, broadcast April 23 (http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5358285)

Triester, 2006, Bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaw, N Engl J Med, 335, 2348, 10.1056/NEJMicm055784

Bilezikian, 2006, Osteonecrosis of the jaw: do bisphosphonates pose a risk?, N Engl J Med, 355, 2278, 10.1056/NEJMp068157

Black, 2006, Effect of once-yearly infusion of zoledronic acid 5 mg on spine and hip fracture reduction in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis: the HORIZON pivotal fracture trial, J Bone Miner Res, 21, S16

IMS Health, 2006, NPA Plus

Agarwala, 2002, Alendronate in the treatment of avascular necrosis of the hip, Rheumatology, 41, 346, 10.1093/rheumatology/41.3.346-a

Desai, 2005, Efficacy of alendronate in the treatment of avascular necrosis of the hip, Rheumatology, 44, 1331, 10.1093/rheumatology/kei003

Jeffcoat, 2006, Safety of oral bisphosphonates: controlled studies on alveolar bone, Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants, 21, 349

Palomo, 2005, Periodontal assessment of postmenopausal women receiving risedronate, Menopause, 12, 685, 10.1097/01.gme.0000184421.50696.34

2007, Position paper on bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaws, J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 65, 369, 10.1016/j.joms.2006.11.003

Black, 2007, Once-yearly zoledronic acid for treatment of osteoporosis, N Engl J Med, 356, 1809, 10.1056/NEJMoa067312

Lyles, 2007, Zoledronic acid and clinical fractures and mortality after hip fracture, N Engl J Med, 357, 1799, 10.1056/NEJMoa074941

Cummings, 2007, Alendronate and atrial fibrillation, N Engl J Med, 356, 1895, 10.1056/NEJMc076132

Karam, 2007, Yearly zoledronic acid in postmenopausal osteoporosis, N Engl J Med 357:712–713; author reply, 714

Heckbert, 2008, Use of alendronate and risk of incident atrial fibrillation in women, Arch Intern Med, 168, 826, 10.1001/archinte.168.8.826

Sorensen, 2008, Use of bisphosphonates among women and risk of atrial fibrillation and flutter: population based case-control study, BMJ, 336, 581, 10.1136/bmj.39507.551644.BE

Abrahamsen, 2009, Atrial fibrillation in fracture patients treated with oral bisphosphonates, J Intern Med, 265, 581, 10.1111/j.1365-2796.2008.02065.x

Bunch, 2009, Relation of bisphosphonate therapies and risk of developing atrial fibrillation, Am J Cardiol, 103, 824, 10.1016/j.amjcard.2008.11.037

Grosso, 2009, Oral bisphosphonates and risk of atrial fibrillation and flutter in women: a self-controlled case-series safety analysis, PLoS One, 4, e4720, 10.1371/journal.pone.0004720

Loke, 2009, Bisphosphonates and atrial fibrillation: systematic review and meta-analysis, Drug Saf, 32, 219, 10.2165/00002018-200932030-00004

Update of safety review follow-up to the October 1, 2007, Early communication about the ongoing safety review of bisphosphonates (http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/PostmarketDrugSafetyInformationforPatientsandProviders/DrugSafetyInformationforHeathcareProfessionals/ucm136201.htm)

Wysowski, 2009, Reports of esophageal cancer with oral bisphosphonate use, N Engl J Med, 360, 89, 10.1056/NEJMc0808738

Siris, 2009, More on reports of esophageal cancer with oral bisphosphonate use, N Engl J Med, 360, 1791

Shaheen, 2009, More on reports of esophageal cancer with oral bisphosphonate use (letter), N Engl J Med, 360, 1790

Abrahamsen, 2009, More on reports of esophageal cancer with oral bisphosphonate use, N Engl J Med, 360, 1789, 10.1056/NEJMc096026

Solomon, 2009, More on reports of esophageal cancer with oral bisphosphonate use, N Engl J Med, 360, 1789, 10.1056/NEJMc096026

Hofbauer, 2009, More on reports of esophageal cancer with oral bisphosphonate use, N Engl J Med, 360, 1790

Robins, 2009, More on reports of esophageal cancer with oral bisphosphonate use, N Engl J Med, 360, 1790

Ribeiro, 1998, Alendronate-associated esophagitis: endoscopic and pathologic features, Gastrointest Endosc, 47, 525, 10.1016/S0016-5107(98)70256-1

Abraham, 1999, Alendronate-associated esophageal injury: pathologic and endoscopic features, Mod Pathol, 12, 1152

Wysowski, 2005, Alendronate and risedronate: reports of severe bone, joint, and muscle pain, Arch Intern Med, 165, 346

Haworth, 1998, Severe bone pain after intravenous pamidronate in adult patients with cystic fibrosis, Lancet, 352, 1753, 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)79826-3

Haworth, 1999, Oral corticosteroids and bone pain after pamidronate in adults with cystic fibrosis, Lancet, 353, 1886, 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)75096-0

Recker, 2009, Safety of bisphosphonates in the treatment of osteoporosis, Am J Med, 122, S22, 10.1016/j.amjmed.2008.12.004

Miller, 2005, Treatment of osteoporosis in chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease, Curr Osteoporos Rep, 3, 5, 10.1007/s11914-005-0021-y

Lewiecki, 2007, Renal safety of intravenous bisphosphonates in the treatment of osteoporosis, Expert Opin Drug Saf, 6, 663, 10.1517/14740338.6.6.663

Eisman, 2008, Efficacy and tolerability of intravenous ibandronate injections in postmenopausal osteoporosis: 2-year results from the DIVA study, J Rheumatol, 35, 448

Miller, 2008, Renal tolerability of intermittent intravenous ibandronate treatment for patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis: a review, Clin Exp Rheumatol, 26, 1125

Boonen, 2008, Renal safety of annual zoledronic acid infusions in osteoporotic postmenopausal women, Kidney Int, 74, 641, 10.1038/ki.2008.193

Miller, 2009, Diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis in chronic renal disease, Semin Nephrol, 29, 144, 10.1016/j.semnephrol.2009.01.007

Miller, 2009, The role of bone biopsy in patients with chronic renal failure, J Am Soc Nephrol, 3, S144

Miller, 2007, Is there a role for bisphosphonates in chronic kidney disease?, Semin Nephrol, 2007, 186

Mashiba, 2000, Suppressed bone turnover by bisphosphonates increases microdamage accumulation and reduces some biomechanical properties in dog rib, J Bone Miner Res, 15, 613, 10.1359/jbmr.2000.15.4.613

Odvina, 2005, Severely suppressed bone turnover: a potential complication of alendronate therapy, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 90, 1294, 10.1210/jc.2004-0952

Visekruna, 2008, Severely suppressed bone turnover and atypical skeletal fragility, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 93, 2948, 10.1210/jc.2007-2803

Armamento-Villareal, 2009, Bone turnover in bone biopsies of patients with low-energy cortical fractures receiving bisphosphonates: a case series, Calcif Tiss Int, 85, 37, 10.1007/s00223-009-9263-5

Schneider, 2006, Should bisphosphonates be continued indefinitely? An unusual fracture in a healthy woman on long-term alendronate, Geriatrics, 61, 31

Lee, 2007, Looking beyond low bone mineral density: multiple insufficiency fractures in a woman with post-menopausal osteoporosis on alendronate therapy, J Endocrinol Invest, 30, 590, 10.1007/BF03346353

Imai, 2007, Pelvic insufficiency fracture associated with severe suppression of bone turnover by alendronate therapy, J Bone Miner Metab, 25, 333, 10.1007/s00774-007-0771-y

Odvina, Unusual mid-shaft fractures during long term bisphosphonate therapy, Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)

Lenart, 2008, Atypical fractures of the femoral diaphysis in postmenopausal women taking alendronate, N Engl J Med, 358, 1304, 10.1056/NEJMc0707493

Kwek, 2008, An emerging pattern of subtrochanteric stress fractures: a long-term complication of alendronate therapy?, Injury, 39, 224, 10.1016/j.injury.2007.08.036

Lee, 2008, More on atypical fractures of the femoral diaphysis, N Engl J Med, 359, 317

Armamento-Villareal, 2006, Suppressed bone turnover during alendronate therapy for high-turnover osteoporosis, N Engl J Med, 355, 2048, 10.1056/NEJMc062268

Capeci, 2009, Bilateral low-energy simultaneous or sequential femoral fractures in patients on long-term alendronate therapy, J Bone Joint Surg Am, 91, 2556, 10.2106/JBJS.H.01774

Goh, 2007, Subtrochanteric insufficiency fractures in patients on alendronate therapy: a caution, J Bone Joint Surg Br, 89, 349, 10.1302/0301-620X.89B3.18146

Neviaser, 2008, Low-energy femoral shaft fractures associated with alendronate use, J Orthop Trauma, 22, 346, 10.1097/BOT.0b013e318172841c

Lenart, 2009, Association of low-energy femoral fractures with prolonged bisphosphonate use: a case control study, Osteoporos Int, 20, 1353, 10.1007/s00198-008-0805-x

Abrahamsen, 2009, Subtrochanteric and diaphyseal femur fractures in patients treated with alendronate: a register-based national cohort study, J Bone Miner Res, 24, 1095, 10.1359/jbmr.081247

Kuehn, 2009, Long-term risks of bisphosphonates probed, JAMA, 301, 710, 10.1001/jama.2009.128

Solomon, 2009, Osteoporosis treatments and adverse events, Curr Opin Rheumatol, 21, 363, 10.1097/BOR.0b013e32832ca433

Kennel, 2009, Adverse effects of bisphosphonates: implications for osteoporosis management, Mayo Clin Proc, 84, 632, 10.1016/S0025-6196(11)60752-0

Watts, 2008, Fracture risk remains reduced one year after discontinuation of risedronate, Osteoporos Int, 19, 365, 10.1007/s00198-007-0460-7

Mellström, 2004, Seven years of treatment with risedronate in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis, Calcif Tissue Int, 75, 462, 10.1007/s00223-004-0286-7

Papapoulos, 2007, Prolonged bisphosphonate release after treatment in children, N Engl J Med, 356, 1075, 10.1056/NEJMc062792

Rodan, 2004, Bone safety of long-term bisphosphonate treatment, Curr Med Res Opin, 20, 1291, 10.1185/030079904125004475

Black, 1996, Randomised trial of effect of alendronate on risk of fracture in women with existing vertebral fractures, Lancet, 348, 1535, 10.1016/S0140-6736(96)07088-2

Cummings, 1998, Effect of alendronate on risk of fracture in women with low bone density but without vertebral fractures: results from the fracture intervention trial, JAMA, 280, 2077, 10.1001/jama.280.24.2077

Reginster, 2000, Randomized trial of the effects of risedronate on vertebral fractures in women with established postmenopausal osteoporosis, Osteoporos Int, 11, 83, 10.1007/s001980050010

McClung, 2001, Effect of risedronate on the risk of hip fracture in elderly women, N Engl J Med, 344, 333, 10.1056/NEJM200102013440503

Schwartz, 2007, Efficacy of continued alendronate for fractures in women without prevalent vertebral fracture: the FLEX trial, J Bone Miner Res, 22, S16

Black, 2000, Fracture risk reduction with alendronate in women with osteoporosis: the Fracture Intervention Trial, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 85, 4118, 10.1210/jcem.85.11.6953

Pols, 1999, Multinational, placebo-controlled, randomized trial of the effects of alendronate on bone density and fracture risk in postmenopausal women with low bone mass: results of the FOSIT study, Osteoporos Int, 9, 461, 10.1007/PL00004171

Harris, 1999, Effects of risedronate treatment on vertebral and nonvertebral fractures in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis: a randomized controlled trial, JAMA, 282, 1344, 10.1001/jama.282.14.1344

Chesnut III, 2004, Effects of oral ibandronate administered daily or intermittently on fracture risk in postmenopausal osteoporosis, J Bone Miner Res, 19, 1241, 10.1359/JBMR.040325