Lineage specific histories of Mycobacterium tuberculosis dispersal in Africa and Eurasia

Molecular Ecology - Tập 28 Số 13 - Trang 3241-3256 - 2019
Mary B. O’Neill1,2, Abigail C. Shockey1, Alex Zarley3, William Aylward4, Vegard Eldholm5, Andrew Kitchen6, Caitlin S. Pepperell1,7
1Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
2Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
3Department of Geography, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
4Department of Classical and Ancient Near Eastern Studies, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
5Infection Control and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
6Department of Anthropology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
7Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA

Tóm tắt

Abstract

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) is a globally distributed, obligate pathogen of humans that can be divided into seven clearly defined lineages. An emerging consensus places the origin and global dispersal of M.tb within the past 6,000 years: identifying how the ancestral clone of M.tb spread and differentiated within this timeframe is important for identifying the ecological drivers of the current pandemic. We used Bayesian phylogeographic inference to reconstruct the migratory history of M.tb in Africa and Eurasia and to investigate lineage specific patterns of spread from a geographically diverse sample of 552 M.tb genomes. Applying evolutionary rates inferred with ancient M.tb genome calibration, we estimated the timing of major events in the migratory history of the pathogen. Inferred timings contextualize M.tb dispersal within historical phenomena that altered patterns of connectivity throughout Africa and Eurasia: trans‐Indian Ocean trade in spices and other goods, the Silk Road and its predecessors, the expansion of the Roman Empire, and the European Age of Exploration. We found that Eastern Africa and Southeast Asia have been critical in the dispersal of M.tb. Our results further reveal that M.tb populations have grown through range expansion, as well as in situ, and delineate the independent evolutionary trajectories of bacterial subpopulations underlying the current pandemic.

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Molecular Ecology

Tập 28 Số 13

3241-3256

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