Leukotriene B4 và yếu tố kích hoạt tiểu cầu trong da người

Springer Science and Business Media LLC - Tập 284 - Trang S12-S17 - 1992
L. Michel1, L. Dubertret1
1Department of Dermatology, INSERM U312, HÔpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France

Tóm tắt

Các phản ứng viêm cấp tính được đặc trưng bởi sự xâm nhập của bạch cầu liên quan đến sự gia tăng tính thấm mạch máu và lưu lượng máu tại chỗ. Sự xâm nhập của bạch cầu có thể được kích thích bởi các yếu tố hoá động như leukotriene B4 (LTB4) và paf-acether (trước đây được biết đến là yếu tố kích hoạt tiểu cầu) có thể được sinh ra trong các tổn thương viêm. Tính thấm mạch máu và tăng lưu lượng máu cũng bị ảnh hưởng bởi LTB4 và paf-acether, cũng như bởi một số chất khác, bao gồm histamine và prostaglandin. LTB4, được chuyển hóa từ axit arachidonic thông qua con đường 5 lipo-oxygenase, là một trong những chất hoá động bạch cầu mạnh nhất được biết đến. Tiêm LTB4 vào da gây ra sự xâm nhập của bạch cầu trung tính vào lớp da ở các mô hình động vật và con người. Việc bôi LTB4 lên da người gây ra viêm nhiễm tại lớp biểu bì với nhiều bạch cầu trung tính còn nguyên vẹn. LTB4 đã được phát hiện tăng lên trong các tổn thương vẩy nến, nhưng quá trình tổng hợp của nó bởi các tế bào biểu bì vẫn chưa có quyết định rõ ràng. Giống như các leukotriene khác, LTB4 có thể kích thích quá trình tổng hợp DNA trong các keratinocyte biểu bì người nuôi cấy. Tuy nhiên, các thụ thể cho LTC4 nhưng không phải cho LTB4 đã được phát hiện trên các keratinocyte người trong môi trường nuôi cấy. Paf-acether là một phospholipid liên kết ether được xác định là 1-O-alkyl-2-O-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine và được coi là một trong những trung gian mạnh nhất cho các phản ứng dị ứng và viêm cấp tính. Ví dụ, tiêm paf-acether vào da gây ra các sự kiện viêm như xâm nhập của bạch cầu trung tính và tăng tính thấm mạch máu. Dữ liệu gần đây cho thấy các tế bào da, chẳng hạn như fibroblast và keratinocyte, có khả năng sản xuất paf và rằng paf được giải phóng trong quá trình phát triển các phản ứng dị ứng ở da. Paf cũng tăng lên trong các tổn thương vẩy nến, và thật hấp dẫn khi suy đoán rằng paf có thể góp phần vào sự phát triển của nhiều rối loạn da khác nhau với viêm da cấp tính và mãn tính. Trong tương lai, các chất đối kháng LTB4 và paf có thể giúp cung cấp câu trả lời cho giả thuyết rằng hai trung gian này có thể đóng vai trò quan trọng trong nhiều bệnh da viêm mãn tính và có thể mở ra triển vọng mới cho các phương pháp điều trị tại chỗ và toàn thân.

Từ khóa

#viêm cấp tính #bạch cầu #leukotriene B4 #paf-acether #viêm da #tế bào biểu bì #vảy nến

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Tập 284

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