Late Quaternary Lake-Level Record from Northern Eurasia

Quaternary Research - Tập 45 Số 2 - Trang 138-159 - 1996
Sandy P. Harrison1, Ge Yu1, Pavel E. Tarasov1,2
1Dynamic Palaeoclimatology Group, Lund University, Box 117, S-221 00, Lund, Sweden
2Laboratory of Pleistocene Paleogeography and Recent Deposits, Department of Geography, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 119899, Moscow, Russia

Tóm tắt

AbstractLake records from northern Eurasia show regionally coherent patterns of changes during the late Quaternary. Lakes peripheral to the Scandinavian ice sheet were lower than those today but lakes in the Mediterranean zone were high at the glacial maximum, reflecting the dominance of glacial anticyclonic conditions in northern Europe and a southward shift of the Westerlies. The influence of the glacial anticyclonic circulation attenuated through the late glacial period, and the Westerlies gradually shifted northward, such that drier conditions south of the ice sheet were confined to a progressively narrower zone and the Mediterranean became drier. The early Holocene shows a gradual shift to conditions wetter than present in central Asia, associated with the expanded Asian monsoon, and in the Mediterranean, in response to local, monsoon-type circulation. There is no evidence of mid-continental aridity in northern Eurasia during the mid-Holocene. In contrast, the circum-Baltic region was drier, reflecting the increased incidence of blocking anticyclones centered on Scandinavia in summer. There is a gradual transition to modern conditions after ca. 5000 yr B.P. Although these broad-scale patterns are interrupted by shorter term fluctuations, the long-term trends in lake behavior show a clear response to changes in insolation and glaciation.

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Almquist-Jacobson, 1994, Interaction of Holocene climate, water balance, végétation, fire, and cultural land-use in the Swedish Borderland., 82

Digerfeldt, 1988, Reconstruction and regional correlation of Holocene lake-level fluctuations in Lake Bysjön, South Sweden., 165

Sevastyanov, 1992, The history of the water ecosystem of Mongolia., 123

Huntley, 1993, Holocene vegetation and climate of Europe., “Global Climates Since the Last Glacial Maximum”, 136

Saarnisto, 1977, Annual lamination of sediments in Lake Lovojärvi, south Finland, during the past 600 years., 35

Bottema, 1982, Palynological investigations in Greece with special reference to pollen as an indicator of human activity., 258

Yu, 1995b, Holocene changes in atmospheric circulation pattern as shown by lake status changes in northern Europe., 260

Schmidt, 1986, Palynologie, stratigraphie und Großreste von Profilen der neolithischen station See am Mondsee, Oberösterreich. Pfahlbauten, Feuchtbodensiedlungen und Packwerke., 227

Harrison, 1985, Variations in lake levels during the Holocene in North America: An indicator of changes in atmospheric circulation patterns., 141

Mannion, 1982, Palynological evidence for lake-level changes during the Flandrian in Scotland., 13

Davydova, 1987, Methods of studying lake ecosystem evolution on the basis of data obtained from diatom analyses of lake sediments., 38

Dorofeyuk, 1988, Holocene palaeogeography of MPR by diatom record from lake bottom sediments., “Prirodnye usloviya, rastitelnyi pokrov i zhivotnyi mir Mongolii [Nature Conditions, Vegetation Cover and Animals of Mongolia],”, 61

Hjelmroos, 1982, The Holocene development of Lake Wielke Gacno, NW Poland., 23

Ilves, 1969, Stratigraphy and chronology of the lacustrinemire deposits of Kalina Mire., 377

Digerfeldt, 1971, The post-glacial development of the ancient lake at Torreberga, Scania, south Sweden., 601

Arslanov, 1992, Karelian Isthmus., “Istoriya ozer Vostochno-Evropeiskoi ravniny [Lake History of East-European Plain],”, 64

Bennett, 1988, Holocene pollen stratigraphy of central East Anglia, England, and comparison of pollen zones across the British Isles., 237

Czeczuga, 1966, History of Kolno Lake as revealed by the bed sediments., 173

Roberts, 1983, Age, palaeoenvironments, and climatic significance of Late Pleistocene Konya Lake, Turkey., 154

Thompson, 1993, Climatic changes in the western United States since 18,000 yr BP., “Global Climates since the Last Glacial Maximum”, 468

Beaulieu, 1984, Recherches pollenanalytiques sur l’histoire de la végétation des Monts du Velay (Massif Central, France)., 45

Andreev, 1989, Vegetation and climate history of central Yakutia during Holocene and late Pleistocene., “Formirovanie rel’efa, korrelyatnykh otlozhenii i rossypei severo-vostoka SSSR [Formation of deposits and placers on north-east of the USSR],”, 26

Digerfeldt, 1986, Studies on past lake-level fluctuations., “Handbook of Holocene Palaeoecology and Palaeohydrology”, 127

Balaga, 1982, Vegetational history of the Lake Lukcze environment (Lublin Polesie, E. Poland) during the Late-Glacial and Holocene., 7

Godwin, 1951, Studies in the postglacial history of Britain vegetation., 285

Harrison, 1993, European lakes as palaeohydrological and palaeoclimatic indicators., 233

Digerfeldt, 1975b, The Post-glacial development of the Ranviken bay in Lake Immeln. III. Palaeolimnology., 13

Digerfeldt, 1975a, Post-Glacial water-level changes in lake Växjösjön, central southern Sweden., 167

Alm, 1993, øvre Æråsvatn—Palynostratigraphyoa a 22,000 to l0,000 BP lacustrine record on Andøya, northern Norway., 171

Yu, Holocene temperature and precipitation reconstructions and monsoonal climates in eastern China.

Digerfeldt, 1965, Vielången och Farlången. En utvecklingshistorisk insjöundersökning., 162

Webb, 1993, Vegetation, lake-levels, and climate in eastern North America since 12000 yr BP., “Global Climates Since the Last Glacial Maximum”, 415

Andreev, 1989, Chronology of environmental changes in Central Yakutia during Holocene., “Paleoklimaty golotsena i pozdnelednikov’ya [Paleoclimates of Holocene and late Glacial],”, 115

1988, Climatic changes of the last 18,000 years: Observations and model simulations., 1043

Bolikhovskaya, 1988, Climatic and cryogenic factors of peat bogs development in Holocene from the European North-Eastern part of USSR., “Paleoklimaty golotsena evropeiskoi territorii SSSR [Holocene Palaeclimates of of the European Part of the USSR]”, 36

Clerc, 1989, Histoire d’un milieu lacustre du Bas-Dauphiné, Le Grand Lemps. Etude palynologique des remplissages Tardiglaciaires et Holocéne, et mise en evidence de fluctuations lacustres á l’aide d’analyses sédimentologiques et malacologiques., 1

Mommersteeg, 1995, Orbital forced frequencies in the 975000 year pollen record from Tenagi Philippon (Greece)., 4

Uspenskaya, 1979, ‘‘Studying of the lakes history by method of complex biology analysis.”, Thesis Cand. Sci. (Biol.) Dissertation

Bolikhovskaya, 1988, About the near Moscow Meshchera vegetation and climate history in Holocene., “Paleoklimaty golotsena evropeiskoi territorii SSSR [Holocene palaeoclimates of the European part of the USSR]”, 76

Vorren, 1988, The last deglaciation (20,000 to 11,000 B.P.) on Andøya, northern Norway., 41

Bennett, 1983, Devensian Late-glacial and Flandrian vegetational history at Hockham Mere, England., 457

Czeczuga, 1969, The history of some lakes in the north-eastern region of Poland, based on chemical investigations of the sediments., 351

Frey, 1961, Developmental history of Schleinsee., 271

Beug, 1977, Vegetationsgeschichtliche Untersuchungen im Küstenberiech von Istrien (Jugoslawien)., 357

Kutzbach, 1993, Simulated climatic changes: Results of the COHMAP climate-model experiments., “Global Climates since the Last Glacial Maximum”, 24

Vipper, 1979, The studying of biogeocenozes history by the fresh water lakes bottom deposits., “Obshchie metody izucheniya istorii sovremennykh ekosistem [General Methods for Studying History of Modern Ecosystems],”, 14

Harrison, 1993, Late Quaternary lake-level changes and climates of Australia., 211

Ammann, 1983, Vegetation, insects, molluscs and stable isotopes from late Würm deposits at Lobsigensee (Swiss Plateau). Studies in the late Quaternary of Lobsigensee 7., 2, 221

Bottema, 1974, ‘‘Late Quaternary Vegetation History of Northwestern Greece.”

Ilves, 1987, Results of radiocarbon and palynological analyses of coastal deposits lakes Tuuljärv and Vaskna., “Palaeohydrology of the Temperate Zone III. Mires and Lakes”, 108

Davydova, 1978, The diatoms in the lake sediments., “Landshaftnyii faktor v formirovanii gidrologii ozer Vostochnogo Urala [Landscape Factor in Hydrological Formation of the Lakes of Eastern Ural],”, 228

Schloss, 1979, Pollenanalytische und stratigraphische Untersuchungen im Sewensee. Ein Beitrag zur späat- und postglazialen Vegetationsgeschichte der Südvogesen., 1

Pachur, 1987, Zur Paläolimnologie Berliner Seen., 1

Saarse, 1994, ‘‘Donnye otlozheniya malykh ozer Estonii [Bottom Deposits of the Estonia Small Lakes].”

Craig, 1978, Pollen percentage and influx analysis in South-east Ireland, a contribution to the ecological history of the Late-glacial period., 297

Sayadyan, 1991, Archaeological relic and Sevan Lake history., ‘‘Istoriya ozer Sevan, Issyl-Kul’, Balkhash, Zaisan i Aral [The History of Lakes Sevan, Issyk-Kul, Balkhash, Zaisan, and Aral],”, 31

Harrison, 1992, Influence of insolation and glaciation on atmospheric circulation in the North Atlantic sector: Implications of general circulation model experiments for the Late Quaternary climatology of Europe., 283

Oeggl, 1988, Beiträge zur Vegetationsgeschichte Tirols VII, Das Hochmoor Schwemm., 37

Tarasov, 1994, ‘‘Lake Status Records from the Former Soviet Union and Mongolia: Data Base Documentation.”

Elina, 1987, Late-Glacial vegetation on the territory of Karelia., “Palaeohydrology of the Temperate Zone III. Mires and Lakes”, 53

10.1007/978-94-009-6954-4_26

Alhonen, 1967, Palaeolimnological investigations of three inland lakes in South-western Finland., 1

Farr, 1990, Palaeolimnological studies of laminated sediments from the Shropshire–Cheshire meres., 279

Florschütz, 1971, Palynogy of a thick Quaternary succession in southern Spain., 233

Filimonova, 1988, Main stages of the development of forest and mire vegetation on the territory of the Kivach Nature Reserve., “Bolotnye ekosistemy evropeiskogo Severa [Mire Ecosystems of Northern Europe],”, 94

Beaulieu, 1983, Paléoenvironnement tardiglaciaire et holocène des lacs de Pelléautier et Siguret (Hautes-Alpes, France). Histoire de la végétation d après les analyses polliniques., 19

Wallén, 1970, ‘‘Climates of Northern and Western Europe. World Survey of Climatology 5.”

Tolonen, 1980, Degradation analysis of pollen in sediment of lake Lamminjärvi, S Finland., 11

Hastenrath, 1983, Paleoclimatic estimates from water and energy budgets of East African lakes., 141

Kukkonen, 1972, Sediment core from lake Lovojärvi, a former meromictic lake (Lammi, south Finland), 70

Segerström, 1990b, The long-term végétational development of the Mid-Luleälv valley, at Vuollerim and Jokkmokk., 58

Saarse, ‘‘Development of lakes on the surroundings of Kirikumäe.”

Czeczuga, 1969, Chemical studies of the bed sediment of the Lake Kruklin., 261

Lydolph, 1977, ‘‘Climates of the Soviet Union. World Survey of Climatology 7.”

Gaillard, 1985, Late-glacial and Holocene environments of some ancient lakes in the western Swiss plateau., 273

Beales, 1980, The late Devensian and Flandrian vegetational history of Crose Mere, Shropshire., 133

Overbeck, 1975, ‘‘Botanisch-geologische Moorkunde,”

Schlyter, 1991, Recent and periglacial wind action in Scania and adjacent area of S Sweden., 143

Neustadt, 1965, Somino Lake (Yaroslavl region)., “Paleogeografiya i khronologiya verkhnego pleistotsena i golotsena po dannym radiouglerodnogo metoda [Upper Pleistocene and Holocene Palaeogeography and Chronology in the Light of Radiocarbon Dating]”, 66

Ammann, 1982, Säakulare Seespiegelschwankungen, wo, wie, wann, warum?, 97

Huttunen, 1978, The history of a small dystrophied forest lake, southern Finland., 189

Geyh, 1971, Sediment-, Pollen-, und Isotopenanalysen an jahrezeitlich geschichteten Ablagerungen im zentralen Teil des Schleinsees., 366

Lang, 1985, Hobschensee—Latg-glaclalandholocene environment of a lake near the timberline., 209

Beug, 1975, Man as a factor in the vegetational history of the Balkan Peninsula., “Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Balkan Flora and Vegetation, Varna, June 1973”, 72

Davydova, 1986, Geological development of large lakes of the humid zone in the European part of the Soviet Union, and Holocene climatic changes on the basis of lake sediment data., 173

Elina, 1987, The main regularities of the Holocene végétation and climate in the East of the Baltic shield., “Palaeohydrology of the Temperate Zone III. Mires and Lakes”, 70

Harrison, 1993, Climatic controls on Holocene lake-level changes in Europe., 189

Creer, 1981, Geomagnetic secular variations in Greece through the last 6000 years obtained from lake sediment studies., 193

Schweger, 1993, Late Glacial-Holocene climatic changes of Alberta: The record from lake sediment studies., ‘‘The Impacts of Climatic Fluctuations on Alberta’s Resources and Environment,”, 47

Zernitskaya, 1988, Studies of mire for the purpose of reconstruction of the climatic peculiarities of the Byelorussian Poles’e., “Voprosy prikladnoi geomorfologii [Problems of the Practical Geomorphology],”, 68

Davydova, 1992, Il’men Lake., “Istoriya ozer Vostochno-Evropeiskoi ravniny [Lake History of East-European Plain],”, 101

Liao, 1995, GCM experiments with different cloud parameterization: Comparisons with paleoclimatic reconstructions for 6000 years B.P., 99

Davydova, 1981, The comparison characteristic of bottom sediments and diatom assemblages in the deposits of Vologda-Arkhangelsk region large lakes., “Antropogennoe vliyanie na krupnye ozera Severo-Zapada SSSR [The anthropogenic influence on the large lakes of North-West of the USSR],”, 176

Kokarovtsev, 1992, ‘‘Resursy i geologiya golotsenovykh agrokarbonatov permskogo Predural’ya [Resources and Geology of Holocene Agrocarbonates of Permian Pre-Ural region], 215

Hunt, 1982, Devensian late-glacial vegetational history at Sea Mere, Norfolk., 517

O’Sullivan, 1990, Studies of varved sediments in the Shropshire–Cheshire meres, UK., ‘‘Geological Survey of Finland,”, Vol. 14, 33

Elovicheva, 1985, The conditions of accumulation of the Holocene calcareous deposits of the Arkhangelsk region., “Ozernye karbonaty Nechernozemnoi zony SSSR [Lacustrine Carbonate of the Nechernozem Zone of the USSR],”, 69

Davydova, 1985, ‘‘Diatomovye vodorosli—indikatoryprirodnyhh uslovii vodoemov v golotsene [The Diatoms as Indicator of Basin Environmental Conditions in Holocene],”

Kelts, 1986, Holocene sedimentology of hypersaline Lake Urmia, northwestern Iran., 105

Gaillard, 1984, A palaeohydrological study of Krageholmssjön (Scania, South Sweden), Regional vegetation history and water-level changes., 1

Street-Perrott, 1985, Lake levels and climate reconstruction., “Paleoclimate Analysis and Modeling”, 291

Roberts, 1980, ‘‘Late Quaternary Geomorphology and Palaeoecology of the Konya Basin, Turkey,”, Unpublished Ph.D. thesis

O’Sullivan, 1976, Pollen analysis and radiocarbon dating of a core from Loch Pityoulish, Eastern Highlands of Scotland., 293

Svensson, 1991, Postglacial land uplift patterns of south Sweden and the Baltic Sea region., 369

Sims, 1978, Man and vegetation in Norfolk. The effect of man on the landscape, the lowland zone., 57

Brochier, 1993, Le milieu lacustre., “Les habitats du Lac de Paladru (Isère) dans leur environnement”, 39

Elina, 1987, Correlation of Holocene sequences of bottom sediments from Onega Lake and its old bays in terms of palynological data., “Methods for the Investigation of Lake Deposits, Palaeoecological and Palaeoclimatological Aspects”, 193

Niewiarowski, 1978, Fluctuations of water-level in the Goplo Lake and their reasons., 301

Magny, 1988, Nouvelle contribution a l’histoire holocéne des lacs du Jura français, recherches sédimentologiques et palynologiques sur les lacs de Chalain, de Clairvaux et de l’Abbaye., 11

Bottema, 1979, Pollen analytical investigations in Thessaly (Greece)., 20

Marciniak, 1988, Diatoms in bottom sediments of Lake Hobschen, Simplon, Switzerland, Preliminary report., “Lake, Mire and River Environments During the Last 15000 Years”, 31

Borel, 1990, Pluvis, lac disparu, du retrait glaciaire a l’emenagement hydroelectrique., Vol. 4, 1

Aleshinskaya, 1980, Results of the radiocarbon dating of the Sevan Lake Holocene deposits., “Izotopnye i geokhimicheskie metody v biologii, geologii i arkheologii [Isotopic and geochemical methods in biology, geology, and archaeology],”, 5

Webb, 1985, ‘‘A Global Paleoclimatic Data Base for 6000 yr B.P.”

Digerfeldt, 1972, Post-Glacial development of Lake Trummen. Regional vegetation history, water-level changes and palaeoliminology., 1

Beckett, 1981, Pollen diagrams from Holderness, North Humberside., 177

Elina, 1981, ‘‘Printsipy i metody rekonstruktsii i kartirovaniya rastitel’nosti golotsena [Principles and Methods for Reconstruction and Mapping of Holocene Vegetation],”, 159

Huntley, 1988, Glacial and Holocene vegetation history: Europe., 341

Sayadyan, 1977, Late glacial deposits and archaeology of the Sevan Lake., “Geologiya chetvertichnogo perioda (Pleistotsen) [Geology of the Quaternary Period (Pleistocene)]”, 91

Winkler, 1993, The Late-Quaternary vegetation and climate of China., “Global Climates Since the Last Glacial Maximum”, 265

Walker, 1982, The late-glacial and early Flandrian deposits at Traeth Mawr, Brecon Beacons, South Wales., 177

Borel, 1987, Le lac de Pluvis (Bas-Bugey), paléoécologie et variations de niveau durant l’Holocîne d’après le sondage 4., 25

Shuliya, 1967, Stratigraphy and chronology of the deposits in hollow of Bebrukas Lake., 231

Dorofeyuk, 1992, Century changes of lakes tanatosenozes and reconstruction of their history (on Buir-Nur Lake example)., “Ekologiya i prirodopol’zovanie v Mongolii [Ecology and Using of Nature in Mongolia],”, 151

Benson, 1981, Paleoclimatic significance of lake-level fluctuations in the Lahontan Basin., 390

Zubovich, 1988, Climate of the north woodland zone of the European part of the USSR., “Paleoklimaty golotsena evropeiskoi territorii SSSR [Holocene Palaeoclimates of the European Part of the USSR]”, 29

Behbehani, 1985, Possible lake level fluctuations within the Mondsee and Attersee., “Contributions to the Paleolimnology of the Trumer Lakes (Salzburg) and the Lakes Mondsee, Attersee and Traunsee (Upper Austria)”, 136

Molloy, 1991, Palaeoecological investigations to-wards the reconstruction of woodland and land-use history at Lough Sheeauns, Connemara, western Ireland., 75

Bertzen, 1987, Diatomeenanalytische Untersuchungen an spätpleistozänen und holozänen Sedimenten des Tegeler Sees., 1

Martyn, 1992, ‘‘Climates of the World. Developments in Atmospheric Sciences 18.”

Borel, 1985, Water level fluctuations of the lake Paladru (Isère, France) in the Xth and XIth centuries AD., 179

Giraudi, 1989, Lake levels and climate for the last 30,000 years in the Fucino area (Abruzzo–Central Italy)—A review., 249

Digerfeldt, 1976, A Pre-Boreal water-level change in Lake Lyngsjö, central Halland., 329

Prentice, 1992, Mediterranean vegetation, lake levels and palaeoclimate at the Last Glacial Maximum., 658

Anisimova, 1951, The diatoms of swamp and lake deposits of Kokchetav region (Kazakhstan SSR)., 53

Clerc, 1985, Première contribution a l’étude de la végétation Tardiglaciaire et Holocéne du Piémont Dauphinois., 65

Tolonen, 1984, Differences in pollen and macrophytic remains in sediments from various depths in a small kettle-hole lake in southern Finland., 404

Sarv, 1971, Radiocarbon dated lacustrine and mire deposits of Vaharu Mire (NW Estonia)., “Palinologicheskie issledovaniya v Pribaltike [Palynological Investigations in Baltic States],”, 143

Averdieck, 1978, Palynologischer Beitrag zur Entwicklungsgeschichte des Großen Plöner Sees und der Vegetation seiner Umgebung., 1

Ammann, 1989, Late-Quaternary palynology at Lobsigensee.

Evans, 1977, The late Quaternary history of the diatom flora of Llyn Clyd and Llyn Glas, two small oligotrophic high mountain tarns in Snowdonia (Wales)., 221

Bottema, 1978, The Late Glacial in the eastern Mediterranean and the Near East., “The Environmental History of the Near and Middle east Since the last Ice Age”, 15

Zhang, 1992, ‘‘Climate of China.”

Saarse, 1991, The biostratigraphy of the sediments deposited in the Lake Kaali meteorite impact structure, Saaremaa Island, Estonia., 63, 129

Donner, 1978, Biostratigraphy and radiocarbon dating of the Holocene lake sediments of Työtjärvi and the peats in the adjoining bog Varrasuo west of Lahti in southern Finland., 258

Jones, 1985, Human influence upon sedimentation in Llangorse Lake, Wales., 227

Edwards, 1993, Aspects of the environmental and depositional history of a rock basin lake in eastern Scotland, UK., “Geomorphology and Sedimentology of Lakes and Reservoirs”, 155

Elina, 1988, Lake and swamp ecosystem dynamics of Lacha Lowland in Holocene., “Bolotnye ekosistemy Evropreiskogo Severa [Swamp Ecosystems of European North],”, 25

Segerström, 1990a, The history of agriculture and végétation at Edefors as reflected in two varved lake sediments. The Post-glacial history of végétation and agriculture in the Lulealv river valley., 39

Davydova, 1992, Bol’shezemel’-skaya tundra., “Istoriya ozer Vostochno-Evropeiskoi ravniny [Lake History of East-European Plain],”, 35

Digerfeldt, 1974, The Post-glacial development of the Ranviken bay in Lake Immeln. I. The history of the regional vegetation, and II. The water-level changes., 3

Krylova, 1987, Reconstruction of the carbonaceous deposition environment in lakes based on malacofauna (using the example of the Arkhangelsk region)., “Golotsenovaya karbonatnaya gazha Necherno-zem’ya [Holocene Carbonate Deposits of the Nechernozem Zone],”, 65

Kozyrenko, 1961, Diatom flora of Holocene deposits of Nero Lake., “Voprosy golotsena [Problems of the Holocene],”, 311

Krylova, 1986, Condition of the formation of the Holocene deposits from Krasnokamsk, based on malacofaunal analyses., “Gazha Nechernozem’ya dlya khimicheskoi melioratsii kislykh pochv [Holocene Carbonate Deposits of the Nechernozem Zone for the Chemical Melioration of Acid Soils],”, 64

Bottema, 1984, Late Quaternary vegetation and climate of Southwestern Turkey. Part II., 123

Schneider, 1983, Palynologische und stratigraphische Untersuchungen im Lago di Ganna (Vares, Italien)., 115

Kabailiene, 1965, Some problems of Holocene stratigraphy and palaeogeography in south-east Lithuania., 302

Shinitnikov, 1975, From the history of the lakes in Northern Kazakhstan., “Ozera Kazakhstana i Kirghizii i ikh istoriya [Lakes of Kazakhstan and Kirghizia and Their History],”, 5

Loze, 1988, ‘‘Poselenie kamennogo veka Lubanskoi niziny. Mezolit, rannii i srednii neolit [The Stone Age Habitation sites of the Lubanas Lowland. Mesolithic, Early and Middle Neolithic]”

Sorsa, 1965, Pollenanalytische untersuchungen zur spätqartären vegetations und klimaentwicklung im östlichen Nordfinland., 301

Lambert, 1983, Périodicité de l’habitat lacustre néolithique et rythmes agricoles., 393

Tolonen, 1978, Paleoecology of annually-laminated sediments in Lake Ahvenainen, South Finland. III, Human influence on lake development., 177

Korhola, 1991, Holocene development and early extreme acidification in a small hilltop lake in southern Finland., 333

Zubovich, 1987, Palaeogeography of the formation of carbonate deposits in Lake Rodnichnoe, Arkhangelsk Province., “Golotsenovaya karbonatnaya gazha Nechernozem’ya [Holocene Carbonate Deposits of the Nechernozem Zone],”, 84

Gaillard, 1991, A late Holocene record of land-use history, soil erosion, lake trophy and lake-level fluctuations at Bjäresjösjön (South Sweden)., 51

Kabailiene, 1992, Lake history of Baltic countries., “Istoriya ozer Vostochno-Evropeiskoi ravniny [Lake History of East-European Plain],”, 118

Vorren, 1978, Late and middle Weichselian stratigraphy of Andøya, north Norway., 19

Street-Perrott, 1989, ‘‘Global Lake-Level Variations from 18,000 to 0 Years Ago: A Paleoclimatic Analysis.”, 10.2172/5609291

Magny, 1987, Contribution à l’histoire du Lac des Rousses (Jura, France), recherches sedimentologiques et palynologiques., 89

Magny, 1989, Contribution à l’histoire du Petit Lac de Clairvaux. Recherches palynologiques et sédimentologiques., “Les Sites Littoraux Néolithiques de Clairvaux-les-lacs (Jura). II. Le Neolithique moyen”, 79

McKeever, 1984, ‘‘Comparative Palynological Studies of Two Lake Sites in Western Ireland and North-Western Spain,”, M.Sc. thesis

Oeggl, 1989, Pollen-and oxygen-isotope analyses of late-and postglacial sediments from the Schwemm raised bog near Walchsee in Tirol, Austria., 245

Sevastyanov, 1989, The origin and evolution of the volcanic Terkhiin-Tsagan-Nur Lake in Central Hangai (MPR), 223

Van den Brink, 1985, The effect of human activities during cultural phases on the development of montane végétation in the Serra da Estrela, Portugal., 193

Stasiak, 1963, Historia jeziora Kruklin w swietle osadów strefy litoralnej., 1

Roberts, 1993, Vegetational, lake-level and climatic history of the Near East and Southwest Asia., “Global Climates since the Last Glacial Maximum”, 194

Liese-Kleiber, 1984, Pollenanalysen am Federsee-Forschungsstand und neue Untersuchungen., 80

Smith, 1961, Cannons Lough, Kilrea, Co. Derry, Stratigraphy and pollen analysis., 61, 369

Walker, 1978, Diatom and pollen studies of a sediment profile from Melynllyn, a mountain tarn in Snowdonia, North Wales., 791

Streif, 1970, Limnogeologische Untersuchung des Seeburger Sees (Untereichsfeld) (Geologische Untersuchungen an niedersächsischen Binnengewässern VII)., 1

Levkovskaya, 1987, ‘‘Priroda i chelovek v srednem golotsene Lubanskoi niziny [Nature and Man in mid-Holocene on the Lubanas Lowland]”

Menéndez Amor, 1964, Resultados del anàlisis paleobotànico de una capa de turba en las cercanías de Huelva (Andalucía)., 183

Alessio, 1986, 14C dating, geochemical features, faunistic and pollen analyses of the uppermost 10m core from Valle di Castiglione (Rome, Italy)., 287

Giraudi, 1989, Lake levels and climate for the last 30,000 years in the Fucino area (Abruzzo-Central Italy)—A review., 249

Higgs, 1967, The climate, environment and industries of Stone Age Greece, part III., 1

Yakushko, 1992, Lake history of Byelorussia., “Istoriya ozer Vostochno-Evropeiskoi ravniny (Lake history of the East-European Plain),”, 144

Fritz, 1989, Lake development and limnological response to prehistoric and historic land-use in Diss, Norfolk, U. K., 182

Gaillard, 1981, Les variations tardiglaciaires et postglaciaires du niveau du lac Léman, apport des données palynologiques Aperçu bibliographique., 117

Lotter, 1989, Late-Glacial pollen analysis, oxygenistope record, and radiocarbon stratigraphy from Rotsee (Lucerne), Central Swiss plateau., 191

Pennington, 1975, An application of principal components analysis to the zonation of two Late-Devensian profiles, I. Numerical analysis., 419

Elina, 1989, Geochronological and palaeobotanical investigation of natural evidences (mire system Razlomnoe)., “Geokhronologiya chetvertichnogo perioda [Geochronology of the Quaternary Period],”

Kristiansen, 1988, Late Weichselian/early Holocene pollen-and lithostratigraphy in lakes in the Ålesund area, western Norway., 185

Schneider, 1985, Lago di Ganna—Late-glaclaland Holocene environments of a lake in the Southern Alps., 229

Degens, 1978, ‘‘The Geology of Lake Van.”

Hyvärinen, 1990, Stable isotope and pollen stratigraphy of a Holocene lake marl section from NE Finland., 17

Stevenson, 1985, Studies in the vegetational history of S.W. Spain. II. Palynological investigations at Laguna de las Madres, S.W. Spain., 293

Orlova, 1986, The history of the Chany Lake in the Holocene based on the radiocarbon dates., “Istoriya sovremennykh ozer [History of Modern Lakes]. Abstracts VII All-Union Symposium,”, 225

Godwin, 1967, Studies of the Post- glacial history of British vegetation. XV. Organic deposits of Old Buckenham Mere, Norfolk., 95

Khotinskii, 1991, The new periods scheme of landscape-climate changes in Holocene., 30

Tarasov, 1992, ‘‘Holocene palaeogeography of the steppe zone of Northern and Central Kazakhstan.”, Thesis Cand. Sc. (Geography) Dissertation

Pécsi, 1964, ‘‘Ten Years of Physicogeographical Research in Hungary.”

Martma, 1987, Oxygen and carbon isotope composition of lacustrine lime of the Rodnichnoe section (Arkhangelsk region)., “Golotsenovaya karbonatnaya gazha Nechernozem’ya [Holocene Carbonate Deposits of the Nechernozem Zone],”, 93

Yu, 1995a, ‘‘Lake Status Records from Europe: Data Base Documentation.”

Nilsson, 1964, Ein neues standardpollendiagramm aus Bjärsjöholmssjön in Schonen., 34

Sergeeva, 1988, Spore and pollen, lithological and pigment analyses of bottom deposits., ‘‘Ratsional’noe ispol’zovanie prirodnykh resursov v Belorussii [Rational Utilization of Natural Resources in Byelorussia],”, 14

Noryskiewicz, 1982, Lake Steklin—A reference site for the Dobrzyn–Chelmno Lake District, N. Poland., 65

Stewart, 1984, Pollen diagrams from Dubh Lochan, near Loch Lomond., 531

Rösch, 1985, Nussbaumer Seen—Spät-und postglaziale Umweltsveränderungen einer Seengruppe im östlichen schweizer Mittelland., 337

Yu, 1995, ‘‘Lake Status Records from Europe, Data Base Documentation,”

Khomutova, 1978, Pollen and spore in the bottom deposits of Vozhe and Lacha lakes., “Gidrobiologiya ozer Vozhe i Lacha [Hydrobiology of Vozhe and Lacha Lakes],”, 236

Lotter, 1988, Paläoökologische und paläolimnologische Studie des Rotsees bei Luzern. Pollen-, grossrest-, diatomeen-und sedimentananalytische Untersuchungen., 187

Pons, 1988, The Holocene-and upper Pleistocene pollen record from Padul (Granada, Spain), a new study., 243

Volkov, 1978, ‘‘Chetvertichnye otlozheniya Novosibirskoi oblasti [Quaternary Deposits of Novosibirsk Region].”

Menéndez Amor, 1963, Sur les éléments steppiques dans la végétation quaternaire de l’Espagne., 121

Vasari, 1972, The history of the végétation of Iceland during the Holocene. Climatic changes in Arctic areas during the last ten-thousand years, 239

Gabus, 1987, Sur l’âge des terrasses lémaniques au SW de Lausanne., 419

Berdovskaya, 1989, The history of Borovoe Lake (Northern Kazakhstan) on palinological data., “Istoriya ozer. Ratsional’noe ispol’zovanie i okhrana ozernykh vodoemov [Lake History. Rational Use and Defence of the Lake Basins],”, 14

Gataullin, 1986, Composition, age and forming conditions of lacustrine lime in Arkhangelsk region., “Geologiya i poleznye iskopaemye Arkhangel’skoi oblasti (Geology and natural resources of the Arkhangelsk region,”, 88

Gerlach, 1972, Sédiments lacustres postglaciaires dans la dépression de Jaslo-Sanok., 37

Cserny, 1991, Contributions to the sedimentology and evolution history of Lake Balaton., “Quaternary Environment in Hungary, Studies in Geography in Hungary”, Vol. 26, 75

Pirrus, 1987, Geology and stratigraphy of the reference site of Raigastvere Lake in Saadjärv drumlin field., 101

Peglar, 1989, Vegetation and land-use history at Diss, Norfolk, U. K., 203

Tarasov, 1994, ‘‘Lake Status Records from the Former Soviet Union and Mongolia, Data Base Documentation.”

Thelaus, 1989, Late Quaternary vegetation history and palaeohydrology of the Sandsjön-Arshult area, southwestern Sweden., 1

Hyvärinen, 1970, Flandrian pollen diagrams from Svalbard., 52(A), 213

Street-Perrott, 1989, ‘‘Global lake-level variations from 18,000 to 0 years ago, a palaeoclimatic analysis.”

Shnitnikov, 1980, Palaeogeography of Sonkel Lake in the Holocene., 497

Loze, 1983, Principal stages of development and sedimentation of Lubanas Lake in Holocene (Eastern Latvia)., 116

Hyvärinen, 1994, Holocene lake-level changes in the Fennoscandian treeline region, western Finnish Lapland, diatom and cladoceran evidence., 251

Boyd, 1987, A post-glacial pollen sequence from Loch A’Mhuilinn, North Arran, a record of vegetation history with special reference to the history of endemic Sorbus species., 221

Follieri, 1988, 250,000-year pollen record from Valle di Castiglione (Roma)., 329

Coûteaux, 1984, Recherches pollenanalytiques au lac d’Issarlès Ardèche (France,) évolution de la végétation et fluctuations lacustres., 197

O’Sullivan, 1975, Early and Middle-Flandrian pollen zonation in the Eastern Highlands of Scotland., 197

Leemans, 1991, ‘‘The IIASA climate database for mean monthly values of temperature, precipitation and cloudiness on a terrestrial grid.”