Land‐use change to bioenergy production in <scp>E</scp>urope: implications for the greenhouse gas balance and soil carbon

GCB Bioenergy - Tập 4 Số 4 - Trang 372-391 - 2012
Axel Don1, Bruce Osborne2, Astley Hastings3, Ute Skiba4, Søren Christensen5, Julia Drewer4, Heinz Flessa1, Adrian Leip1, Niina Hyvönen6, Michael B. Jones7, Gary Lanigan8, Ülo Mander9, Andrea Monti10, Sylvestre Njakou Djomo11, John F. Valentine12, Katja Walter1, Walter Zegada‐Lizarazu10, Terenzio Zenone13
1Johann Heinrich von Thünen‐Institute, Institute of Agricultural Climate Research, Bundesallee 50, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
2UCD School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
3Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, 23 St Machars Drive, Aberdeen, AB24 3UU Scotland
4Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik EH26 0QB, UK
5Biosystems Division Risø National Laboratory for Sustainable Energy Technical University of Denmark PO Box 49 4000 Roskilde Denmark
6Department of Environmental Science, University of Eastern Finland, BioTeknia 2, PO Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
7Department of Botany, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
8Teagasc, Johnstown Castle Research Centre, Wexford, Ireland
9Department of Geography, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuise St. 46, 51014, Tartu, Estonia
10Department of AgroEnvironmental Science and Technology, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin, 44, 40127 Bologna, Italy
11Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, BE-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
12Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan, Aberystwyth SY23 3EB, UK
13Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, 43606 OH, USA

Tóm tắt

AbstractBioenergy from crops is expected to make a considerable contribution to climate change mitigation. However, bioenergy is not necessarily carbon neutral because emissions of CO2, N2O and CH4 during crop production may reduce or completely counterbalance CO2 savings of the substituted fossil fuels. These greenhouse gases (GHGs) need to be included into the carbon footprint calculation of different bioenergy crops under a range of soil conditions and management practices. This review compiles existing knowledge on agronomic and environmental constraints and GHG balances of the major European bioenergy crops, although it focuses on dedicated perennial crops such as Miscanthus and short rotation coppice species. Such second‐generation crops account for only 3% of the current European bioenergy production, but field data suggest they emit 40% to >99% less N2O than conventional annual crops. This is a result of lower fertilizer requirements as well as a higher N‐use efficiency, due to effective N‐recycling. Perennial energy crops have the potential to sequester additional carbon in soil biomass if established on former cropland (0.44 Mg soil C ha−1 yr−1 for poplar and willow and 0.66 Mg soil C ha−1 yr−1 for Miscanthus). However, there was no positive or even negative effects on the C balance if energy crops are established on former grassland. Increased bioenergy production may also result in direct and indirect land‐use changes with potential high C losses when native vegetation is converted to annual crops. Although dedicated perennial energy crops have a high potential to improve the GHG balance of bioenergy production, several agronomic and economic constraints still have to be overcome.

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GCB Bioenergy

Tập 4 Số 4

372-391

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