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Khối u mạch vỏ buồng trứng
Tóm tắt
Các khối u mạch vỏ buồng trứng (OKST) là một nhóm neoplasia hấp dẫn và đa dạng với một phổ rộng các đặc điểm lâm sàng và bệnh lý. Nhóm này bao gồm không chỉ các khối u lành tính mà còn cả những khối u có tiềm năng ác tính. Đặc điểm lâm sàng của các khối u này có được nhờ triệu chứng hyperestrogenic hoặc hyperandrogenic đặc hiệu do sự sản xuất steroid hormone trong khối u. Việc chẩn đoán thuần túy dựa trên mô học gặp khó khăn do các đặc điểm đôi khi phức tạp hoặc chồng chéo lẫn nhau. Để phân biệt OKST với các khối u buồng trứng kiểu mầm khác, việc sử dụng một panel các marker miễn dịch hóa mô kiểu mầm (ví dụ: Inhibin-α, Calretinin) đã cho thấy hiệu quả. Gần đây, các đặc điểm phân tử của nhóm khối u này đã được nghiên cứu, đặc biệt là đã mô tả các đột biến của FOXL2 và DICER1 trong một số loại OKST nhất định. Các phân tích đột biến tương ứng hiện nay có thể giúp ích trong chẩn đoán trong một số trường hợp đặc biệt và có khả năng sẽ tạo động lực cho việc phân loại OKST trong tương lai, đồng thời cần được khảo sát tiềm năng của chúng với tư cách là yếu tố tiên lượng cũng như trong khuôn khổ các phương pháp điều trị mới. Trong bài tổng quan này, các đặc điểm lâm sàng và bệnh lý mô học của các khối u tế bào hạt trưởng thành và vị thành niên (AGCT và JGCT) cũng như các khối u tế bào Sertoli-Leydig (SLCT) - đại diện quan trọng nhất về lâm sàng và có tiềm năng ác tính của OKST - sẽ được trình bày và thảo luận trong bối cảnh những phát hiện nghiên cứu phân tử hiện tại. Ngoài ra, bài báo còn đề cập tới những kết quả hiện tại có thể cũng có liên quan đến việc phân loại OKST trong tương lai về các u tế bào giao phối hiếm gặp (GAB).
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
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