Job satisfaction and organizational commitment of hotel managers in Turkey

Aksu, A. and Aktaş, A. (2005), “Job satisfaction of managers in tourism: cases in the Antalya region of Turkey”, Managerial Auditing Journal, Vol. 20 No. 5, pp. 479‐88.

Angelo, R.M. and Vladimir, A.N. (1994), An Introduction to Hospitality Today, Educational Institution of the American Hotel and Motel Association, Orlando, FL.

Angle, H.L. and Perry, J.L. (1981), “An empirical assessment of organizational commitment and organizational effectiveness”, Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 26, pp. 1‐13.

Banai, M., Reisel, W.D. and Probst, T. (2004), “A managerial and personal control model: predictions of work alienation and organizational commitment in Hungary”, Journal of International Management, Vol. 10, pp. 375‐92.

Bartol, K.M. (1979), “Professionalism as a predictor of organizational commitment, role stress and turnover: a multidimensional approach”, Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 22, pp. 815‐21.

Bateman, T.S. and Strasser, S. (1984), “A longitudinal analysis of the antecedents of organizational commitment”, Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 27, pp. 95‐112.

Buchko, A.A., Weinzimmer, L.G. and Sergeyev, A.V. (1998), “Effects of cultural context on the antecedents, correlates, and consequences of organizational commitment: a study of russian workers”, Journal of Business Research, Vol. 43, pp. 109‐16.

Chen, C.F. (2006), “Short report: job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and flight attendants' turnover ıntentions: a note”, Journal of Air Transport Management, Vol. 12, pp. 274‐6.

Cheng, Y. and Stockdale, M.S. (2003), “The validity of the three‐component model of organizational commitment in a Chinese context”, Journal of Vocational Behavior, Vol. 62, pp. 465‐89.

Clark, A. and Oswald, A. (1996), “Satisfaction and comparison income”, Journal of Public Economics, Vol. 61, pp. 359‐81.

Cochran, W.G. (1977), Sampling Techniques, Wiley, New York, NY, p. 75.

Culture and Tourism Ministry of Turkey (2009), Statistical Reports, available at: www.kultur.gov.tr (accessed August 25, 2009).

Ekin Group and TUROFED (2006), Pocket Hotel Guide, Ekin, İstanbul.

Fairbrother, K. and Warn, J. (2003), “Workplace dimensions, stress and job satisfaction”, Journal of Managerial Psychology, Vol. 18 No. 10, pp. 8‐21.

Feinstein, A.H. and Vondrasek, D. (2001), “A study of relationships between job satisfaction and organizational commitment among restaurant employees”, Journal of Hospitality, Tourism, and Leisure Science, available at: http://hotel.unlv.edu/pdf/jobSatisfaction.pdf (accessed April 15, 2007).

Furnham, A., Petrides, K.V., Jackson, C.J. and Cotter, T. (2002), “Do personality factors predict job satisfaction?”, Personality and Individual Differences, Vol. 33, pp. 1325‐42.

Gaertner, S. (1999), “Structural determinants of job satisfaction and organizational commitment ın turnover models”, Human Resource Management Review, Vol. 9 No. 4, pp. 479‐93.

Garcia‐Bernal, J., Gargallo‐Castel, A., Marzo‐Navarro, M. and Rivera‐Torres, P. (2005), “Job satisfaction: emprical evidence of gender differences”, Women in Management Review, Vol. 20 No. 4, pp. 279‐88.

Ghiselli, R.F., La Lopa, J. and Bai, B. (2001), “Job satisfaction, life satisfaction and turnover ıntend among food service managers”, Cornell Hotel & Restaurant Administration Quarterly, April, pp. 28‐37.

Glisson, C. and Durick, M. (1988), “Predictors of job satisfaction and organizational committment in human service organizations”, Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 33 No. 1, pp. 61‐81.

Gonzalez, J.V. and Garazo, T.G. (2006), “Structural relationships netween organizational service orientation, contact employee job satisfaction and citizenship behavior”, International Journal of Service Industry Management, Vol. 17 No. 1, pp. 23‐50.

Graham, M.W. and Messner, P.E. (1998), “Principals of job satisfaction”, International Journal of Education Management, Vol. 12 No. 5, pp. 196‐202.

Hair, J.F., Anderson, R.E., Tatham, R.L. and Black, W.C. (1998), Multivariate Data Analysis, Prentice‐Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.

Hançer, M. and George, R.T. (2003), “Job satisfaction of restaurant employees: an emprical investigation using the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire”, Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, Vol. 27 No. 1, pp. 85‐100.

Henkin, A.B. and Marchiori, D.M. (2003), “Empowerment and organizational commitment of chiopractic faculty”, Journal of Manipulate and Psychological Therapeutics, Vol. 26 No. 5, pp. 275‐81.

Herzberg, F., Mausner, B. and Snyderman, B. (1959), The Motivation to Work, Wiley, New York, NY.

Hofstede, G.H. (1980), Culture Consequences: International Differences in Work‐related Values, Sage, London.

Hrebiniak, L.G. and Alutto, J.A. (1972), “Personal and role related factors in the development of organizational comitment”, Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 17, pp. 555‐72.

Hulin, C.L. and Smith, P.C. (1965), “A linear model of job satisfaction”, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 4, pp. 209‐16.

International Labour Organization (2001), Human Resources Development, Employment and Globalization in the Hotel, Catering and Tourism Sector, International Labour Office, Geneva.

Iverson, R.D. and Buttigieg, D.M. (1998), “Affective, normative and continuance commitment: can the right kind of commitment be managed?”, Working Paper, No. 7 in HRM and IR, Department of Management, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, pp. 1‐25.

Jaramillo, F., Prakash Mulki, J. and Marshal, G.W. (2005), “A meta‐analysis of the relationship between organizational commitment and salesperson job performance: 25 years of research”, Journal of Business Research, Vol. 58, pp. 705‐14.

Jernigan, I.E., Beggs, J.M. and Kohut, G.F. (2002), “Dimensions of work satisfaction as predictors of commitment type”, Journal of Managerial Psychology, Vol. 17 No. 7, pp. 564‐79.

Karakaş, F. (2006), “Performans değerlendirmesinde Türkiye'ye uygun kültürel yaklaşım”, Milliyet Blog, available at: http://blog.milliyet.com.tr/Blog.aspx?BlogNo=10042 (accessed July 23, 2009).

Karatepe, O.M., Uludağ, O., Meneviş, I., Hadzimehmedagic, L. and Baddar, L. (2006), “The effects of selected ındividual characteristics on frontline employee performance and job satisfaction”, Tourism Management, Vol. 27, pp. 547‐60.

Kavanaugh, J., Duffy, J.A. and Lilly, J. (2006), “The relationship between job satisfaction and demographic variables for healthcare professionals”, Management Research News, Vol. 29 No. 6, pp. 304‐25.

Kim, W.G., Leong, J.K. and Lee, Y. (2005), “Effect of service orientation on job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and intention of leaving in a casual dining chain restaurant”, Hospitality Management, Vol. 24, pp. 171‐93.

Kirkman, B.L. and Shapiro, D.L. (2001), “The impact of cultural values on job satisfaction and organizational commitment in self‐managing work teams: the mediating role of employee resistance”, The Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 44 No. 3, pp. 557‐69.

Kondratuk, T.B., Hausdorf, P.A., Korabik, K. and Rosin, H.M. (2004), “Linking career mobility with corporate loyalty: how does job change relate to organizational commitment?”, Journal of Vocational Behavior, Vol. 65, pp. 332‐49.

Lam, T., Pine, R. and Baum, T. (2003), “Subjective norms: effectives on job satisfaction”, Annals of Tourism Research, Vol. 30 No. 1, pp. 160‐77.

Lam, T., Zhang, H. and Baum, T. (2001), “An investigation of employees' job satisfaction: the case of hotels in Hong Kong”, Tourism Management, Vol. 22 No. 2, pp. 157‐65.

Lau, C.M. and Chong, J. (2002), “The effects of budget emphasis, participation and organizational commitment on job satisfaction: evidence from the financial services sector”, Advances in Accounting Behavioral Research, Vol. 5, pp. 183‐211.

Linz, S.J. (2003), “Job satisfaction among Russian workers”, International Journal of Manpower, Vol. 24 No. 6, pp. 626‐52.

Locke, E.A. (1969), “What is job satisfaction?”, Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, Vol. 4, pp. 309‐36.

Lok, P. and Crawford, J. (2001), “Antecedents of organizational commitment and the mediating role of job satisfaction”, Journal of Managerial Psychology, Vol. 16 No. 8, pp. 594‐613.

Lok, P. and Crawford, J. (2004), “The effect of organizational culture and leadership style on job satisfaction and organizational commitment: a cross‐national comparison”, Journal of Management Development, Vol. 23 No. 4, pp. 321‐38.

McDonald, D.J. and Makin, P.J. (2000), “The psychological contract, organizational commitment and job satisfaction of temporary staff”, Leadership and Organization Development Journal, Vol. 21 No. 2, pp. 84‐91.

McGee, G.W. and Ford, R.C. (1987), “Two or more dimensions of organizational commitment: reexamination of the affective and continuance commitment scales”, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 72, pp. 638‐42.

Maxwell, G. and Steele, G. (2003), “Organizational commitment: a study of managers in hotels”, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, Vol. 15 No. 7, pp. 362‐9.

Meyer, J.P. and Allen, N.J. (1991), “A three‐component conceptualization of organizational commitment”, Human Resource Management Review, Vol. 1, pp. 61‐89.

Meyer, J.P. and Allen, N.J. (1997), Commitment in the Workplace: Theory, Research, and Application, Sage, London.

Meyer, J.P., Allen, N.J. and Smith, C.A. (1993), “Commitment to organizations and occupations: extension and test of a three‐component conceptualization”, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 78, pp. 538‐51.

Morrow, P. (1983), “Concept redundancy in organizational research, the case of work commitment”, Journal of Occupational Behavior, Vol. 34, pp. 40‐56.

Mowday, R.T., Porter, L.W. and Steers, R.M. (1982), Employee‐Organization Linkages: The Psychology of Commitment, Absenteeism, and Turnover, Academic Press, New York, NY.

Mowday, R.T., Steers, R.M. and Porter, L.W. (1979), “The measurement of organizational commitment”, Journal of Vocational Behavior, Vol. 14, pp. 224‐47.

Ninemeier, J.D. and Perdue, J. (2005), Hospitality Operations: Careers in the World's Greatest Industry, Prentice‐Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.

O'Brien, G.E. and Dowling, P. (1981), “Age and job satisfaction”, Australian Psychologist, Vol. 16, pp. 49‐61.

O'Reilly, C. and Caldwell, D. (1980), “Job choice: the impact of intrinsic and extrinsic factors on subsequent satisfaction and commitment”, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 65, pp. 559‐69.

Powell, D.M. and Meyer, J.P. (2004), “Side‐bet theory and the three component model of organizational commitment”, Journal of Vocational Behavior, Vol. 65, pp. 157‐77.

Price, J.L. and Mueller, C.W. (1986), Handbook of Organizational Measurement, Pitman, Marshfield, MA.

Randall, D. (1993), “Cross‐cultural research on organizational commitment: a review and application of Hofstede's value survey module”, Journal of Business Research, Vol. 26 No. 1, pp. 91‐110.

Rhodes, S.R. (1983), “Age‐related differences in work attitudes and behavior: a review and conceptual analysis”, Psychological Bulletin, Vol. 93, pp. 328‐67.

Sarker, S.J., Crossman, A. and Chinmeteepituck, P. (2003), “The relationship of age and length of service with job satisfaction: an examination of hotel employees in Thailand”, Journal of Managerial Psychology, Vol. 18 No. 7, pp. 745‐58.

Savery, L.K. (1996), “The congruence between the importance of job satisfaction and the perceived level of achievement”, Journal of Management Development, Vol. 15, pp. 18‐27.

Schwepker, C.H. (2001), “Ethical climate's relationship to job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and turnover intention in the salesforce”, Journal of Business Research, Vol. 54, pp. 39‐52.

Shaffer, G.S. (1987), “Patterns of work and non‐work satisfaction”, Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 72 No. 1, pp. 115‐24.

Shaw, J.D., Delery, J.E. and Abdulla, M.H.A. (2003), “Organizational commitment and performance among guest workers and citizens of an Arab country”, Journal of Business Research, Vol. 56, pp. 1021‐30.

Silva, P. (2006), “Effects of disposition on hospitality employee job satisfaction and commitment”, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, Vol. 18 No. 4, pp. 317‐28.

Spence Laschinger, H.K., Finegan, J. and Shamian, J. (2002), “The impact of workplace empowerment, organizational trust on staff nurses' work satisfaction and organizational commitment”, Advances in Health Care Management, Vol. 3, pp. 59‐85.

Steers, R. (1977), “Antecedents and outcome of organizational commitment”, Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 22, pp. 46‐55.

Stumpf, S.A. and Hartman, K. (1984), “Individual exploration to organizational commitment or withdrawal”, Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 27, pp. 308‐29.

Taştan, S. (2006), “Kültürlerarası farklılıklar, yönetim ve insan kaynakları yönetimine etkisi”, İKADEMİ, available at: www.ikademi.com/uluslararasi‐insan‐kaynaklari‐yonetimi/917‐kulturlerarasi‐farkliliklar‐yonetim‐ve‐insan‐kaynaklari‐yonetimine‐etkisi.html (accessed July 23, 2009).

Tepeci, M. and Bartlett, A.L.B. (2002), “The hospitality industry culture profile: a measure of individual values, organizational culture, and person‐organization fit as predictors of job satisfaction and behavioral intentions”, Hospitality Management, Vol. 21, pp. 151‐70.

Tsigilis, N., Koustelios, A. and Togia, A. (2004), “Multivariate relationship and discriminant validity between job satisfaction and burnout”, Journal of Managerial Psychology, Vol. 19 No. 7, pp. 666‐75.

Vandenberg, R.J. and Lance, C.E. (1992), “Examining the causal order of job satisfaction and organizational commitment”, Journal of Management, Vol. 18, pp. 153‐67.

Wasti, A. (2005), “Commitment profiles: combinations of organizational commitment forms and job outcomes”, Journal of Vocational Behavior, Vol. 67, pp. 290‐308.

Yousef, D.A. (1998), “Satisfaction with job security as a predictor of organizational commitment and job performance in a multicultural environment”, International Journal of Manpower, Vol. 19 No. 3, pp. 184‐94.

Lau, C.M. and Sholihin, M. (2005), “Financial and nonfinancial performance measures: how do they affect job satisfaction?”, The British Accounting Review, Vol. 37, pp. 389‐413.