Job Burnout

Annual Review of Psychology - Tập 52 Số 1 - Trang 397-422 - 2001
Christina Maslach1,2,3, Wilmar B. Schaufeli1,2,3, Michael P. Leiter1,2,3
1Psychology Department, Acadia University Wolfville, NS BOP 1X0 Canada;
2Psychology Department, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1650;
3Psychology Department, Utrecht University, Utrecht, 3508 TC The Netherlands;

Tóm tắt

▪ Abstract  Burnout is a prolonged response to chronic emotional and interpersonal stressors on the job, and is defined by the three dimensions of exhaustion, cynicism, and inefficacy. The past 25 years of research has established the complexity of the construct, and places the individual stress experience within a larger organizational context of people's relation to their work. Recently, the work on burnout has expanded internationally and has led to new conceptual models. The focus on engagement, the positive antithesis of burnout, promises to yield new perspectives on interventions to alleviate burnout. The social focus of burnout, the solid research basis concerning the syndrome, and its specific ties to the work domain make a distinct and valuable contribution to people's health and well-being.

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Bakker AB, Schaufeli WB, Demerouti E, Janssen PMP, Van der Hulst R, Brouwer J. 2000. Using equity theory to examine the difference between burnout and depression.Anxiety Stress Coping13:247–68

10.1080/08870440108405528

Büssing A, 1992, Diagnostica, 38, 328

10.2307/1163231

Cherniss C, 1980, Professional Burnout in Human Service Organizations.

Cherniss C, 1995, Beyond Burnout.

10.2307/258593

10.1037/0033-2909.125.2.276

10.1037/0008-400X.26.2.210

Farber BA, 1983, Stress and Burnout in the Human Services.

Farber BA. 1983. A critical perspective on burnout. SeeFarber 1983, pp. 1–20

French JRPJr , Rodgers W, Cobb S. 1974.Adjustment as person-environment fit.InCoping and Adaptation, ed. GV Coelho, DA Hamburg, JE Adams, pp. 316–33. New York: Basic Books

10.1037/h0086411

Freudenberger HJ. 1983. Burnout: contemporary issues, trends, and concerns. SeeFarber 1983, pp. 23–28

10.1080/08870449608401975

Golembiewski RT, 1996, Global Burnout: A Worldwide Pandemic Explored by the Phase Model.

Golembiewski RT, 1988, Phases of Burnout: Developments in Concepts and Applications.

Greene G, 1961, A Burnt-out Case.

10.1002/job.4030150202

10.1037//0021-9010.81.2.123

Leiter MP. 1993. Burnout as a developmental process: Consideration of models. SeeSchaufeli et al 1993, pp. 237–50

Leiter MP, Durup J. 1994. The discriminant validity of burnout and depression: a confirmatory factor analytic study.Anxiety Stress Coping7:357–73

10.1002/job.4030090402

Leiter MP, 2000, Preventing Burnout and Building Engagement: A Complete Program for Organizational Renewal.

Maslach C, 1976, Hum. Behav., 5, 16

Maslach C, 1982, Burnout: The Cost of Caring.

Maslach C. 1998.A multidimensional theory of burnout.InTheories of Organizational Stress, ed. CL Cooper, pp. 68–85. Oxford, UK: Oxford Univ. Press

10.1016/S0962-1849(98)80022-X

10.1002/job.4030020205

Maslach C, 1996, Maslach Burnout Inventory Manual.

Maslach C, 1997, The Truth About Burnout.

Maslach C, Schaufeli WB. 1993. Historical and conceptual development of burnout. SeeSchaufeli et al 1993, pp. 1–16

10.1080/08870440108405524

Pines A, 1981, Burnout: From Tedium to Personal Growth.

10.4135/9781452231594

10.1080/08870440108405527

Schaufeli WB, 1998, The Burnout Companion to Study & Practice: A Critical Analysis.

10.1177/0022022194251006

Schaufeli WB, 1993, Professional Burnout: Recent Developments in Theory and Research.

Schaufeli WB, 2000, Utrechtse Burnout Schaal–UBOS: Handleiding (Utrecht Burnout Scale–UBOS: Test-manual).

Semmer N. 1996.Individual differences, work stress, and health.InHandbook of Work and Health Psychology, ed. MJ Schabracq, JAM Winnubst, CL Cooper, pp. 51–86. Chichester, UK: Wiley

Shirom A. 1989.Burnout in work organizations.InInternational Review of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, ed. CL Cooper, I Robertson, pp. 25–48. New York: Wiley

10.1037//0021-9010.83.3.392

Warr PB, 1987, Work, Unemployment and Mental Health.

10.1037//0033-2909.98.2.219

1992, The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioral Disorders.

10.1080/08870440108405525