Is there a link between pre-existing antibodies acquired due to childhood vaccinations or past infections and COVID-19? A case control study
Tóm tắt
There is growing evidence indicating that children are less affected from COVID-19. Some authors speculate that childhood vaccinations may provide some cross-protection against COVID-19. In this study, our aim was to compare the circulating antibody titers for multiple childhood vaccine antigens, as an indicator of the state of immune memory between patients with COVID-19 and healthy controls, with a specific aim to identify the association between disease severity and antibody titrations which may indicate a protective function related to vaccine or disease induced memory.
This study is a case-control study including 53 patients with COVID-19 and 40 healthy volunteers. COVID-19 severity was divided into three groups: asymptomatic, mild and severe. We measured the same set of antibody titers for vaccine antigens, and a set of biochemical and infection markers, in both the case and control groups.
Rubella (
Our study supports the hypothesis that pre-existing immune memory, as monitored using circulating antibodies, acquired from childhood vaccinations, or past infections confer some protection against COVID-19. Randomized controlled studies are needed to support a definitive conclusion.
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
Aringer, 2020, Inflammatory markers in systemic lupus erythematosus, Journal of Autoimmunity, 110, 102374, 10.1016/j.jaut.2019.102374
Bodmer, 2018, Live-attenuated bivalent measles virus-derived vaccines targeting Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus induce robust and multifunctional T cell responses against both viruses in an appropriate mouse model, Virology, 521, 99, 10.1016/j.virol.2018.05.028
Cauchi, 2018, Non-specific effects of live attenuated pertussis vaccine against heterologous infectious and inflammatory diseases, Frontiers in Immunology, 9, 2872, 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02872
Di Filippo, 2020, Hypocalcemia is highly prevalent and predicts hospitalization in patients with COVID-19, Endocrine, 68, 475, 10.1007/s12020-020-02383-5
Dong, 2020, An interactive web-based dashboard to track COVID-19 in real time, Lancet Infectious Diseases, 20, 533, 10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30120-1
Dong, 2020, Epidemiological characteristics of 2143 pediatric patients with 2019 coronavirus disease in China, Pediatrics, 2020, e20200702, 10.1542/peds.2020–0702
Franklin, 2020, Homologous protein domains in SARS-CoV-2 and measles, mumps and rubella viruses: preliminary evidence that MMR vaccine might provide protection against COVID-19, Medrxiv Preprint, 10.1101/2020.04.10.20053207
Gao, 2020, Diagnostic utility of clinical laboratory data determinations for patients with the severe COVID-19, Journal of Medical Virology, 92, 791, 10.1002/jmv.25770
Gold, 2020, MMR vaccine appears to confer strong protection from COVID-19: few deaths from SARS-CoV-2 in highly vaccinated populations, ResearchGate Preprint, 10.13140/RG.2.2.32128.25607
Gold, 2020, Analysis of measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) titers of recovered COVID-19 patients, MBio, 11, e02628-20, 10.1128/mBio.02628-20
Guan, 2020, Exploring the mechanism of liver enzyme abnormalities in patients with novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia, Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi, 28, 100, 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1007-3418.2020.02.002
Huang, 2020, Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China, Lancet, 395, 497, 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5
Kozak, 2020, Severity of coronavirus respiratory tract infections in adults admitted to acute care in Toronto, Ontario, Journal of Clinical Virology, 126, 104338, 10.1016/j.jcv.2020.104338
Lapić, 2020, Erythrocyte sedimentation rate is associated with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a pooled analysis, Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, 58, 1146, 10.1515/cclm-2020-0620
Li, 2020, The impact of 2019 novel coronavirus on heart injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis, Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases, 63, 518, 10.1016/j.pcad.2020.04.008
Lippi, 2020, Thrombocytopenia is associated with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections: a meta-analysis, Clinica Chimica Acta, 506, 145, 10.1016/j.cca.2020.03.022
Lippi, 2020, Procalcitonin in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a meta-analysis, Clinica Chimica Acta, 505, 190, 10.1016/j.cca.2020.03.004
Long, 2020, Cardiovascular complications in COVID-19, American Journal of Emergency Medicine, 38, 1504, 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.04.048
Luo, 2020, Low blood sodium increases risk and severity of COVID-19: a systematic review, meta-analysis and retrospective cohort study, Medrxiv Preprint, 10.1101/2020.05.18.20102509
Lyu, 2020, Reflection on lower rates of COVID-19 in children: does childhood immunizations offer unexpected protection?, Medical Hypotheses, 143, 109842, 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109842
Mehta, 2020, COVID-19: consider cytokine storm syndromes and immunosuppression, Lancet, 395, 1033, 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30628-0
Miller, 2020, Correlation between universal BCG vaccination policy and reduced morbidity and mortality for COVID-19: an epidemiological study, MedRxiv, 27, 441, 10.1101/2020.03.24.20042937
Netea, 2016, Trained immunity: a program of innate immune memory in health and disease, Science, 352, aaf1098, 10.1126/science.aaf1098
Netea, 2017, Trained immunity: an ancient way of remembering, Cell Host & Microbe, 21, 297, 10.1016/j.chom.2017.02.003
Okyay, 2020, Why are children less affected by COVID-19? Could there be an overlooked bacterial co-infection?, Eurasian Journal of Medicine and Oncology, 4, 104, 10.14744/ejmo.2020.40743
Panigada, 2020, Hypercoagulability of COVID-19 patients in Intensive care unit: a report of thromboelastography findings and other parameters of hemostasis, Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, 18, 1738, 10.1111/jth.14850
Recalcati, 2020, Cutaneous manifestations in COVID-19: a first perspective, Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology, 34, e212, 10.1111/jdv.16387
Root-Bernstein, 2020, Possible cross-reactivity between SARS-CoV-2 proteins, CRM197 and proteins in pneumococcal vaccines may protect against symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 disease and death, Vaccines, 8, 559, 10.3390/vaccines8040559
Salman, 2020, Routine childhood immunization may protect against COVID-19, Medical Hypotheses, 140, 109689, 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109689
Spiezia, 2020, COVID-19-related severe hypercoagulability in patients admitted to intensive care unit for acute respiratory failure, Thrombosis and Haemostasis, 120, 998, 10.1055/s-0040-1714350
Terpos, 2020, Hematological findings and complications of COVID-19, American Journal of Hematology, 95, 834, 10.1002/ajh.25829
Velavan, 2020, Mild versus severe COVID-19: laboratory markers, International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 95, 304, 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.04.061
Wang, 2020a, Pattern of liver injury in adult patients with COVID-19: a retrospective analysis of 105 patients, Military Medical Research, 7, 28, 10.1186/s40779-020-00256-6
Wang, 2020b, SARS-CoV-2 infection of the liver directly contributes to hepatic impairment in patients with COVID-19, Journal of Hepatology, 73, 807, 10.1016/j.jhep.2020.05.002
World Health Organization, 2020, WHO and UNICEF estimates of national immunization coverage
Xu, 2020, Mechanism of thrombocytopenia in COVID-19 patients, Annals of Hematology, 99, 1205, 10.1007/s00277-020-04019-0