Cây xâm lấn ngoài giảm đa dạng loài và số lượng của các loài động vật thụ phấn và ăn hoa quả; cái nhìn từ góc độ của loài chim về một loài xung đột lợi ích trong môi trường sống ven sông

Ecological Research - Tập 32 - Trang 667-676 - 2017
Joy Rumbidzai Mangachena1,2, Sjirk Geerts1,2
1Department of Conservation and Marine Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa
2Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa

Tóm tắt

Các loài thực vật xâm lấn ngoài có tác động sinh thái lớn, đặc biệt là trong các môi trường sống ven sông. Trong khi các tác động của sự xâm lấn của cây ngoại lai lên thực vật ven sông đã được nghiên cứu nhiều, tác động đối với các loài động vật thì ít được hiểu rõ hơn. Cây ngoại lai xâm lấn có thể có tác động tích cực bằng cách bổ sung môi trường sống và nguồn thức ăn, hoặc có tác động tiêu cực bằng cách thay thế các loài thực vật bản địa cung cấp thức ăn. Nghiên cứu này sử dụng các loài chim như chỉ báo để xác định ảnh hưởng của một loài cây Eucalyptus xâm lấn trong các khu vực ven sông của Khu bảo tồn thực vật Cape (CFR) ở Nam Phi. Chim là một nhóm nghiên cứu lý tưởng vì chúng có khả năng di chuyển, phản ứng nhanh chóng với sự thay đổi của môi trường sống và ăn ở các cấp độ dinh dưỡng khác nhau. Các đếm chim tại các điểm cố định đã được thực hiện trong mùa đông và mùa xuân tại các môi trường sống gần như nguyên sơ và các môi trường sống bị xâm lấn bởi Eucalyptus camaldulensis. Tổng cộng, 1142 con chim thuộc 44 loài đã được ghi nhận. Tập hợp chim tại các khu vực bị xâm lấn gần như là một tập con hoàn chỉnh (24 loài) của những loài có ở các khu vực gần như nguyên sơ (42 loài). Các khu vực bị xâm lấn thiếu 18 loài và có tổng cộng ít hơn 128 cá thể. Điều này là do sự suy giảm của các loài chim ăn côn trùng, ăn trái cây, ăn hạt, loài chim săn mồi và loài chim ăn tạp, cùng với sự vắng mặt của các loài chim hút mật trong các khu vực bị xâm lấn. Từ góc độ của loài chim, việc ưu tiên loại bỏ E. camaldulensis ra các hệ thống sông của CFR là hợp lý, nhưng cần xác định liệu các loài chim có quay trở lại những khu vực đã được làm sạch hay không.

Từ khóa

#cây xâm lấn #chim #đa dạng sinh học #môi trường sống ven sông #Eucalyptus camaldulensis #thụ phấn

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