Intrinsic Breast Tumor Subtypes, Race, and Long-Term Survival in the Carolina Breast Cancer Study

Clinical Cancer Research - Tập 16 Số 24 - Trang 6100-6110 - 2010
Katie M. O’Brien1,2, Stephen R. Cole1,2, Chiu-Kit Tse1, Charles M. Perou1,2, Lisa A. Carey1,2, William D. Foulkes1,2, Lynn G. Dressler1,2, Joseph Geradts1,2, Robert C. Millikan1
1Authors' Affiliations: 1Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Gillings School of Global Public Health, and 2Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; 3Program in Cancer Genetics, Departments of Oncology and Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; 4Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, and 5Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
2Program in Cancer Genetics, Departments of Oncology and Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

Tóm tắt

Abstract Purpose: Previous research identified differences in breast cancer–specific mortality across 4 intrinsic tumor subtypes: luminal A, luminal B, basal-like, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 positive/estrogen receptor negative (HER2+/ER−). Experimental Design: We used immunohistochemical markers to subtype 1,149 invasive breast cancer patients (518 African American, 631 white) in the Carolina Breast Cancer Study, a population-based study of women diagnosed with breast cancer. Vital status was determined through 2006 using the National Death Index, with median follow-up of 9 years. Results: Cancer subtypes luminal A, luminal B, basal-like, and HER2+/ER− were distributed as 64%, 11%, 11%, and 5% for whites, and 48%, 8%, 22%, and 7% for African Americans, respectively. Breast cancer mortality was higher for participants with HER2+/ER− and basal-like breast cancer compared with luminal A and B. African Americans had higher breast cancer–specific mortality than whites, but the effect of race was statistically significant only among women with luminal A breast cancer. However, when compared with the luminal A subtype within racial categories, mortality for participants with basal-like breast cancer was higher among whites (HR = 2.0, 95% CI: 1.2–3.4) than African Americans (HR = 1.5, 95% CI: 1.0–2.4), with the strongest effect seen in postmenopausal white women (HR = 3.9, 95% CI: 1.5–10.0). Conclusions: Our results confirm the association of basal-like breast cancer with poor prognosis and suggest that basal-like breast cancer is not an inherently more aggressive disease in African American women compared with whites. Additional analyses are needed in populations with known treatment profiles to understand the role of tumor subtypes and race in breast cancer mortality, and in particular our finding that among women with luminal A breast cancer, African Americans have higher mortality than whites. Clin Cancer Res; 16(24); 6100–10. ©2010 AACR.

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Seer.cancer.gov [Internet]

Carey, 2006, Race, breast cancer subtypes, and survival in the Carolina Breast Cancer Study, JAMA, 295, 2492, 10.1001/jama.295.21.2492

Lund, 2009, Race and triple negative threats to breast cancer survival: a population-based study in Atlanta, GA, Breast Cancer Res Treat, 113, 357, 10.1007/s10549-008-9926-3

Cheang, 2008, Basal-like breast cancer defined by five biomarkers has superior prognostic value than triple-negative phenotype, Clin Cancer Res, 14, 1368, 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-07-1658

Yang, 2007, Differences in risk factors for breast cancer molecular subtypes in a population-based study, Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 16, 439, 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-06-0806

Kim, 2006, Clinicopathologic significance of the basal-like subtype of breast cancer: a comparison with hormone receptor and Her2/neu-overexpressing phenotypes, Human Pathol, 37, 1217, 10.1016/j.humpath.2006.04.015

Kurebayashi, 2007, The prevalence of intrinsic subtypes and prognosis in breast cancer patients of different races, Breast, 16, S72, 10.1016/j.breast.2007.07.017

Lin, 2009, Molecular subtypes of breast cancer emerging in young women in Taiwan: evidence for more than just westernization as a reason for the disease in Asia, Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 18, 1807, 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-09-0096

Millikan, 2007, Epidemiology of basal-like breast cancer, Breast Cancer Res Treat, 109, 123, 10.1007/s10549-007-9632-6

Ihemelandu, 2008, Treatment and survival outcome for molecular breast cancer subtypes in black women, Ann Surg, 247, 463, 10.1097/SLA.0b013e31815d744a

Nalwoga, 2007, Frequency of the basal-like phenotype in African breast cancer, APMIS, 115, 1391, 10.1111/j.1600-0463.2007.00862.x

Huo, 2009, Population differences in breast cancer: survey in indigenous African women reveals over-representation of triple-negative breast cancer, J Clin Oncol, 27, 4515, 10.1200/JCO.2008.19.6873

Sihto, 2008, Molecular subtypes of breast cancers detected in mammography screening and outside of screening, Clin Cancer Res, 14, 4103, 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-07-5003

Foulkes, 2009, Tumor size is an unreliable predictor of prognosis in basal-like breast cancers and does not correlate closely with lymph node status, Breast Cancer Res Treat, 117, 199, 10.1007/s10549-008-0102-6

Shin, 2008, Breast carcinomas expressing basal markers have poor clinical outcome regardless of estrogen receptor status, Oncol Rep, 19, 617

Nakajima, 2008, Prognosis of Japanese breast cancer based on hormone receptor and HER2 expression determined by immunohistochemical staining, World J Surg, 32, 2477, 10.1007/s00268-008-9712-8

Spitale, 2009, Breast cancer classification according to immunohistochemical markers: clinicopathologic features and short-term survival analysis in a population-based study from the South of Switzerland, Ann Oncol, 20, 628, 10.1093/annonc/mdn675

Zhao, 2009, Characteristics and prognosis for molecular breast cancer subtypes in Chinese women, J Surg Oncol, 100, 89, 10.1002/jso.21307

Onitilo, 2009, Breast cancer subtypes based on ER/PR and Her2 expression: comparison of clinicopathologic features and survival, Clin Med Res, 7, 4, 10.3121/cmr.2008.825

Parise, 2009, Breast cancer subtypes as defined by the estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) among women with invasive breast cancer in California, 1999–2004, Breast J, 15, 593, 10.1111/j.1524-4741.2009.00822.x

Muñoz, 2009, Prognostic significance of molecular classification of breast invasive ductal carcinoma, Arch of Gynecol and Obstet, 280, 43, 10.1007/s00404-008-0867-1

Liu, 2008, Basal-HER2 phenotype shows poorer survival than basal-like phenotype in hormone receptor-negative invasive breast cancers, Hum Pathol, 39, 167, 10.1016/j.humpath.2007.06.012

Yamamoto, 2009, Clinical significance of basal-like subtype in triple-negative breast cancer, Breast Cancer, 16, 260, 10.1007/s12282-009-0150-8

Ibrahim, 2009, Basal vs. luminal A breast cancer subtypes: a matched case-control study using estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and HER-2 as surrogate markers, Med Oncol, 26, 372, 10.1007/s12032-008-9131-6

Gray, 1992, Flexible methods for analyzing survival data using splines, with applications to breast cancer prognosis, J Am Stat Assoc, 87, 942, 10.1080/01621459.1992.10476248

Natarajan, 2009, Time-varying effects of prognostic factors associated with disease-free survival in breast cancer, Am J Epidemiol, 169, 1463, 10.1093/aje/kwp077

Newman, 1995, The Carolina Breast Cancer Study: integrating population-based epidemiology and molecular biology, Breast Cancer Res Treat, 35, 51, 10.1007/BF00694745

Perou, 2000, Molecular portraits of human breast tumours, Nature, 406, 747, 10.1038/35021093

Sørlie, 2001, Gene expression patterns of breast carcinomas distinguish tumor subclasses with clinical implications, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 98, 10869, 10.1073/pnas.191367098

Rich-Edwards, 1994, Test of the National Death Index and Equifax nationwide death search, Am J Epidemiol, 140, 1016, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a117191

Pearl, 1995, Causal diagrams for empirical research, Biometrika, 82, 669, 10.1093/biomet/82.4.669

Greenland, 1999, Causal diagrams for epidemiologic research, Epidemiology, 10, 37, 10.1097/00001648-199901000-00008

Cole, 2002, Fallibility in estimating direct effects, Int J Epidemiol, 31, 163, 10.1093/ije/31.1.163

Harrell, 2001, Regression Modeling Strategies, with Applications to Linear Models, Logistic Regression, and Survival Analysis

Komenaka, 2010, Race and ethnicity and breast cancer outcomes in an underinsured population, J Natl Cancer Inst, 102, 1178, 10.1093/jnci/djq215

Dent, 2009, Time to disease recurrence in basal-type breast cancers: effects of tumor size and lymph node status, Cancer, 115, 4917, 10.1002/cncr.24573

Dent, 2007, Triple-negative breast cancer: clinical features and patterns of recurrence, Clin Cancer Res, 13, 4429, 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-06-3045

Tischkowitz, 2007, Use of immunohistochemical markers can refine prognosis in triple negative breast cancer, BMC Cancer, 7, 134, 10.1186/1471-2407-7-134

Anderson, 2006, Assessing the impact of screening mammography: breast cancer incidence and mortality rates in Connecticut (1943–2002), Breast Cancer Res Treat, 99, 333, 10.1007/s10549-006-9214-z

Hernán, 2010, The hazards of hazard ratios, Epidemiology, 21, 13, 10.1097/EDE.0b013e3181c1ea43

Gore, 1984, Regression models and non-proportional hazards in the analysis of breast cancer survival, App Stat, 33, 176, 10.2307/2347444

Huang, 2000, Hormone-related factors and risk of breast cancer in relation to estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor status, Am J Epidemiol, 151, 703, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a010265

Ma, 2009, Breast cancer receptor status: do results from a centralized pathology laboratory agree with SEER registry reports, Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 18, 2214, 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-09-0301

Fillenbaum, 2009, Identifying a national death index match, Am J Epidemiol, 170, 515, 10.1093/aje/kwp155

Sathiakumar, 1998, Using the National Death Index to obtain underlying cause of death codes, J Occup and Environ Med, 40, 808, 10.1097/00043764-199809000-00010

Huang, 2010 4, Population-based survival-curve analysis of ER-negative breast cancer, Breast Cancer Res Treat, 10.1007/s10549-010-0752-z

Foulkes, 2010 23, Tumor size and survival in breast cancer – a reappraisal, Nat Rev Clin Oncol, 10.1038/nrclinonc.2010.39

Thông tin
Thông tin xuất bản

Clinical Cancer Research

Tập 16 Số 24

6100-6110

Thông tin tác giả