Intestinal epithelial secretion and barrier function: from bench to bedside

BACKGROUND: Fluid secretion and the ability to form a barrier are critical functions of the intestinal epithelium. However, some clinicians may not have an understanding of the model systems that have been used to enhance our knowledge of these important epithelial functions and their molecular regulation. METHODS: This article seeks to explain the basis of intestinal fluid secretion and barrier function, and modification of these processes in pathophysiological settings, by reviewing recent basic science literature. RESULTS: Findings from studies conducted both in vivo and in vitro are discussed, with an emphasis on insights that have emerged by applying intestinal epithelial cell lines to investigations of electrolyte transport and the integrity of the epithelial barrier. CONCLUSIONS: Even basic observations in reductionist model systems can yield information that is of immediate and practical clinical relevance. Continued bidirectional “bench to bedside” dialogue may enhance the clinician’s ability to intervene in gastrointestinal diseases.