Giá quốc tế và chất lượng nội sinh
Tóm tắt
Giá trị đơn vị của hàng hóa giao dịch quốc tế bị ảnh hưởng mạnh mẽ bởi chất lượng. Chúng tôi mô hình hóa điều này trong một khung cạnh tranh độc quyền mở rộng, nơi ngoài việc lựa chọn giá, các công ty đồng thời lựa chọn chất lượng dưới điều kiện nhu cầu không đồng nhất. Chúng tôi ước lượng các chỉ số chất lượng và giá điều chỉnh theo chất lượng cho 185 quốc gia trong giai đoạn 1984–2011. Các ước lượng của chúng tôi ít nhạy cảm hơn với các giả định về biên mở rộng của các công ty so với các ước lượng hoàn toàn từ “phía cầu”. Chúng tôi phát hiện rằng, giá điều chỉnh theo chất lượng thay đổi ít hơn nhiều giữa các quốc gia so với giá trị đơn vị và, thật ngạc nhiên, các điều kiện thương mại điều chỉnh theo chất lượng có mối quan hệ nghịch với mức thu nhập của các quốc gia.
Từ khóa
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