Interactions between global and local stressors of ecosystems determine management effectiveness in cumulative impact mapping

Diversity and Distributions - Tập 20 Số 5 - Trang 538-546 - 2014
Christopher J. Brown1,2, Megan I. Saunders2, Hugh P. Possingham3,1, Anthony J. Richardson4,5
1School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia QLD 4072, Australia
2The Global Change Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld, 4072 Australia
3Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park, Ascot SL5 7PY, Berkshire, UK
4Centre for Applications in Natural Resource Mathematics, School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld, 4067 Australia
5Climate Adaptation Flagship, CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research, Ecosciences Precinct, Dutton Park, Qld, 4102 Australia

Tóm tắt

AbstractAimCumulative impact maps are used to identify the spatial distribution of multiple human impacts to species and ecosystems. Impacts can be caused by local stressors which can be managed, such as eutrophication, and by global stressors that cannot be managed, such as climate change. Cumulative impact maps typically assume that there are no interactive effects between stressors on biodiversity. However, the benefits of managing the ecosystem are affected by interactions between stressors. Our aim was to determine whether the assumption of no interactions in impact maps leads to incorrect identification of sites for management.LocationGeneral, Australasia.MethodsWe used the additive effects model to incorporate the effects of interactions into an interactive impact map. Seagrass meadows in Australasia threatened by a local stressor, nutrient inputs, and a global stressor, warming, were used as a case study. The reduction in the impact index was quantified for reductions in the nutrient stressor. We examined the outcomes for three scenarios: no interactions, antagonistic interactions or synergistic interactions.ResultsCumulative impact maps imply that reducing a local stressor will give equivalent reductions in the impact index everywhere, regardless of spatial variability in a global stressor. We show that reductions in the impact index were greatest in refuges from warming if there was an antagonistic interaction between stressors, and greatest in areas of high warming stress if there was a synergistic interaction. Reducing the nutrient stressor in refuges from warming always reduced the impact index, regardless of the interaction.Main conclusionsInteractions between local and global stressors should be considered when using cumulative impact maps to identify sites where management of a local stressor will provide the greatest impact reduction. If the interaction type is unknown, impact maps can be used to identify refuges from global stressors, as sites for management.

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Diversity and Distributions

Tập 20 Số 5

538-546

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