Interaction between dietary protein and fat in triglyceride metabolism in the rat: Effects of soy protein and menhaden oil
Tóm tắt
The objective of the present study was to determine the mechanisms by which dietary proteins interact with dietary lipids in the regulation of triglyceridemia in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=56) were subjected to 28-d experimental diets containing different combinations of proteins (20% w/w) and lipid sources (14% w/w): (i) casein-menhaden oil, (ii) casein-beef tallow, (iii) soy protein-menhaden oil, and (iv) soy protein-beef tallow. Significant protein-lipid interactions were observed on triglyceridemia and hepatic cholesterol in fasted rats. The combination of casein and beef tallow was associated with high plasma TG and hepatic cholesterol concentrations, which were reduced by substitution either of soy for casein or of menhaden oil for beef tallow. Therefore, triglyceridemia and liver cholesterol remained low with soy protein feeding, independently of the lipid source, as well as with menhaden oil feeding, regardless of the protein source. The menhaden oil diets reduced plasma cholesterol, hepatic TG, and TG secretion compared with beef tallow diets independently of the dietary protein source. Modifying the source of dietary proteins and lipids had no effect on post-heparin plasma lipoprotein lipase activity. These results demonstrate that soy protein can lower rat triglyceridemia relative to casein when associated with beef tallow consumption, whereas menhaden oil can attenuate hypertriglyceridemia when rats are fed casein. The data further suggest that part of the hypotriglyceridemic effect of soy protein in the rat may be mediated by reduced hepatic lipid synthesis, as is the case for menhaden oil.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Horigome, T., and Cho, Y.S. (1992) Dietary Casein and Soybean Protein Affect the Concentrations of Serum Cholesterol, Triglycerides and Free Amino Acids in Rats, J. Nutr. 122, 2273–2282.
Carroll, K.K., and Kurowska, M.E. (1995) Soy Consumption and Cholesterol Reduction: Review of Animal and Human Studies, J. Nutr. 125, 594S-597S.
Anderson, J.W., Johnstone, B.M., and Cook-Newell, M.E. (1995) Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Soy Protein Intake on Serum Lipids, N. Engl. J. Med. 333, 276–282.
Laurin, D., Jacques, H., Moorjani, S., Steinke, F.H., Gagné, C., Brun, D., and Lupien, J. (1991) Effects of Soy-Protein Beverage on Plasma Lipoproteins in Children with Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 54, 98–103.
Beynen, A.C. (1990) Mode of Cholesterolemic Action of Dietary Proteins, Monogr. Atheroscler. 16, 153–159.
Sanchez, A., and Hubbard, R.W. (1991) Plasma Amino Acids and the Insulin/Glucagon Ratio as an Explanation for the Dietary Protein Modulation of Atherosclerosis, Med. Hypotheses 36, 27–32.
Forsythe, W.A., 3rd (1990) Dietary Proteins, Cholesterol and Thyroxine: A Proposed Mechanism, J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol. 36, (Suppl.), S101-S104.
Potter, S.M. (1998) Soy Protein and Cardiovascular Disease: The Impact of Bioactive Components in Soy, Nutr. Rev. 56, 231–235.
Demonty, I., Deshaies, Y., and Jacques, H. (1998) Dietary Proteins Modulate the Effects of Fish Oil on Triglyceridemia in the Rat, Lipids 33, 913–921.
Connor, W.E., DeFrancesco, C.A., and Connor, S.L. (1993) n−3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids from Fish Oil. Effects on Plasma Lipoproteins and Hypertriglyceridemic Patients, Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 683, 16–34.
Haug, A., and Hostmark, A.T. (1987) Lipoprotein Lipases, Lipoproteins and Tissue Lipids in Rats Fed Fish Oil or Coconut Oil, J. Nutr. 117, 1011–1017.
Wang, H., Chen, X., and Fisher, E.A. (1993) n−3 Fatty Acids Stimulate Intracellular Degradation of Apoprotein B in Rat Hepatocytes, J. Clin. Invest. 91, 1380–1389.
Kinsella, J.E., Lokesh, B., and Stone, R.A. (1990) Dietary n−3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Amelioration of Cardiovascular Diseases: Possible Mechanisms, Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 52, 1–28.
Fritsche, K.L., and Johnston, P.V. (1988) Rapid Autoxidation of Fish Oil in Diets Without Added Antioxidants, J. Nutr. 118, 425–426.
Belahsen, R., and Deshaies, Y. (1993) Involvement of Insulinemia in the Postprandial Hypotriacylglycerolemia Induced by Prazosin in the Rat, Metabolism 42, 1301–1309.
Otway, B.S., and Robinson, D.S. (1967) The Use of a Non-ionic Detergent (Triton WR 1339) to Determine Rates of Triglyceride Entry into the Circulation of the Rat Under Different Physiological Conditions, J. Physiol. 190, 321–332.
Folch, J., Lees, M., and Sloane Stanley, G.H. (1957) A Simple Method for the Isolation and Purification of Total Lipids from Animal Tissues, J. Biol. Chem. 226, 497–508.
Sakono, M., Yoshida, K., and Yahiro, M. (1993) Combined Effects of Dietary Protein and Fat on Lipid Metabolism in Rats, J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol. 39, 335–343.
Chiang, M.T., and Tsai, M.L. (1995) Effect of Fish Oil on Plasma Lipoproteins, Liver Glucose-6-phosphate Dehydrogenase and Glucose-6-phosphatase in Rats, Int J. Vitamin. Nutr. Res. 65, 276–282.
Benhizia, F., Hainault, I., Serougne, C., Lagrange, D., Hajduch, E., Guichard, C., Malewiak, M.L., Quignard-Boulangé, A., Lavau, M., and Griglio, S. (1994) Effects of Fish Oil-Lard Diet on Rat Plasma Lipoproteins, Liver FAS, and Lipolytic Enzymes, Am. J. Physiol. 267 (6Ptl), E975-E982.
Terpstra, A.H.M., Holmes, J.C., and Nicolosi, J. (1991) The Hypocholesterolemic Effect of Dietary Soybean Protein vs. Casein in Hamsters Fed Cholesterol-Free or Cholesterol-Enriched Semipurified Diets, J. Nutr. 121, 944–947.
Nilausen, K., and Meinertz, H. (1999) Lipoprotein(a) and Dietary Proteins: Casein Lowers Lipoprotein(a) Concentrations as Compared with Soy Protein, Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 69, 419–425.
Gardner, C.D., Newell, K.A., Cherin, R., and Haskell, W.L. (2001) The Effect of Soy Protein With or Without Isoflavones Relative to Milk Protein on Plasma Lipids in Hypercholesterolemic Postmenopausal Women, Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 73, 728–735.
Demonty, I., Lamarche, B., Deshaies, Y., and Jacques, H., Role of Soy Isoflavones in the Hypotriglyceridemic Effect of Soy Protein in the Rat, J. Nutr. Biochem., in press.
Iritani, N., Nagashima, K., Fukuda, H., Katsurada, A., and Tanaka, T. (1986) Effects of Dietary Proteins on Lipogenic Enzymes in Rat Liver, J. Nutr. 116, 190–197.
Pfeuffer, M., and Barth, C.A. (1992) Dietary Sucrose but Not Starch Promotes Protein-Induced Differences in Rates of VLDL Secretion and Plasma Lipid Concentrations in Rats, J. Nutr. 122, 1582–1586.
Eckel, R.H. (1989) Lipoprotein Lipase. A Multifunctional Enzyme Relevant to Common Metabolis Diseases, N. Engl. J. Med. 320, 1060–1068.
Terpstra, A.H.M., van den Berg, P., Jasen, H., Beynen, A.C., and van Tol, A. (2000) Decreasing Dietary Fat Saturation Lowers HDL-Cholesterol and Increases Hepatic HDL Binding in Hamsters, Br. J. Nutr. 83, 151–159.
Spady, D.K., Horton, J.D., and Cuthbert, J.A. (1995) Regulatory Effects of n−3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Hepatic LDL Uptake in the Hamster and Rat, J. Lipid Res. 36, 1009–1020.
Spady, D.K., and Woolett, L.A. (1990) Interaction of Dietary Saturated and Polyunsaturated Triglycerides in Regulating the Processes That Determine Plasma Low Density Lipoprotein Concentrations in the Rat, J. Lipid Res. 31, 1809–1819.
Avramoglu, R.K., Cianflone, K., and Sniderman, A.D. (1996) Role of the Neutral Lipid Accessible Pool in the Regulation of apoB-100 Lipoprotein Particles by HepG2 Cells, J. Lipid Res. 36, 2513–2528.
Forsythe, W.A., Green, M.S., and Anderson, J.J. (1986) Dietary Protein Effects on Cholesterol and Lipoprotein Concentrations: A Review, J. Am. Coll. Nutr. 5, 533–549.
Erdman, J.W., Jr. (2000) AHA Science Advisory: Soy Protein and Cardiovascular Disease: A Statement for Healthcare Professionals from the Nutrition Committee of the AHA, Circulation 102, 2555–2559.
Tonstad, S., Smerud, K., and Hoie, L. (2002) A Comparison of the Effects of 2 Doses of Soy Protein or Casein on Serum Lipids, Serum Lipoproteins, and Plasma Total Homocysteine in Hypercholesterolemic Subjects, Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 76, 78–84.
Pfeuffer, M., and Barth, C.A. (1986) Modulation of Very Low-Density Lipoprotein Secretion by Dietary Protein Is Age-Dependent in Rats, Ann. Nutr. Metab. 30, 281–288.
Hurley, C., Galibois, I., and Jacques, H. (1995) Fasting and Postprandial Lipid and Glucose Metabolisms Are Modulated by Dietary Proteins and Carbohydrates: Role of Plasma Insulin Concentrations, J. Nutr. Biochem. 6, 540–546.
Hennessy, L.K., Osada, J., Ordovas, J.M., Nicolosi, R.J., Stucchi, A.F., Brousseau, M.E., and Schaefer, E.J. (1992) Effects of Dietary Fats and Cholesterol on Liver Lipid Content and Hepatic Apolipoprotein A-1, B, and E and LDL Receptor mRNA Levels in Cebus Monkeys, J. Lipid Res. 33, 351–360.
Horton, J.D., Cuthbert, J.A., and Spady, D.K. (1995) Dietary Fatty Acids Regulate Low-Density-Lipoprotein-Cholesterol Metabolism, Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 60 (Suppl. 6), 991S-996S.
Terpstra, A.H.M., van Tintelen, G., and West, C.E. (1982) The Effect of Semipurified Diets Containing Different Proportions of Either Casein or Soybean Protein on the Concentration of Cholesterol in Whole Serum, Serum Lipoproteins and the Liver in Male and Female Rats, Atherosclerosis 42, 85–95.