Integrating cultural humility into health care professional education and training

Ames, R., & Hall, D. (1987). Thinking through Confucius. Albany: SUNY Press.

Austerlic, S. (2009). Cultural humility and compassionate presence at the end of life. http://www.scu.edu/ethics/practicing/focusareas/medical/culturally-competent-care/chronic-to-critical-austerlic.html [On-line].

Azad, N., Power, B., Dollin, J., & Chery, S. (2002). Cultural sensitivity training in Canadian medical schools. Academic Medicine, 77, 222–228.

Blendon, R. J., Buhr, T., Cassidy, E. F., Perez, D. J., Hunt, K. A., Fleishfresser, C., et al. (2007). Disparities in health: Perspectives of a multi-ethnic, multi-racial America. Health Affairs, 26, 1437–1447.

Borkan, J. M., Culhane-Pera, K. A., & Goldman, R. E. (2008). Towards cultural humility in healthcare for culturally diverse Rhode Island. Medical Health Rhode Island, 91, 361–364.

Brach, C., & Fraserirector, I. (2000). Can cultural competency reduce racial and ethnic health disparities? A review and conceptual model. Medical Care Research and Review, 57, 181–217.

Brody, H., & Hunt, L. M. (2005). Moving beyond cultural stereotypes in end-of-life decision making. American Family Physician, 71, 429.

Campinha-Bacote, J., Yahle, T., & Langenkamp, M. (1996). The challenge of cultural diversity for nurse educators. Journal of Continuing Education in Nursing, 27, 59–64.

Chao, Y. R. (1976). Aspects of Chinese sociolinguistics: Essays by Yuen Ren Chao. Stanford: Stanford University Press.

Chen, W. T. (1963). A source book in Chinese philosophy. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Chenowethm, L., Jeon, Y. H., Goff, M., & Burke, C. (2006). Cultural competency and nursing care: An Australian perspective. International Nursing Review, 53, 34–40.

China News Service. (2009). 2008 world Chinese entrepreneurs development report China News Service.

Collins, K. S., Hughes, D. L., Doty, M. M., Ives, B., Edwards, J. N., & Tenny, K. (2002). Diverse communities, common concerns: Assessing health care quality for minority Americans. The Commonwealth Fund.

Cooper-Patrick, L., Gallo, J. J., & Gonzales, J. (1999). Race, gender, and partnership in the patient-physician relationship. JAMA, 282, 583–589.

Crandall, S. J., George, G., Marion, G., & Davis, S. (2003). Applying theory to the design of cultural competency training for medical students: A case study. Academic Medicine, 78, 588–594.

Cruess, S. R., Cruess, R. L., & Steinhart, Y. (2010). Linking the teaching of professionalism to the social contract: A call for cultural humility. Medical Teacher, 32, 357–359.

DeFrancis, J. (1984). The Chinese language: Fact and fantasy. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.

Dogra, N., Reitmanova, S., & Carter-Pokras, O. (2010). Teaching cultural diversity: Current status in U.K., U.S., and Canadian medical schools. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 25, 164–168.

Flores, G., Gee, D., & Kastner, B. (2000). The teaching of cultural issues in U.S. and Canadian medical schools. Academic Medicine, 75, 451–455.

Furman, G., & Dent, M. M. (2004). Cultural competency in medical education: A guidebook for schools. Department of Health and Human Services.

Gervais, M., & Jovchelovitch, S. (1998). The health beliefs of the Chinese community in England: A qualitative research study. London: Health Education Authority.

Guo, Z. (2000). Ginseng and aspirin: Health care alternatives for aging Chinese in New York. Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press.

Hunt, L. M. (2005). Beyond cultural competence: Applying humility to clinical settings. In G. Henderson, S. Estroff, L. Churchill, N. King, J. Oberlander, & R. Strauss (Eds.), The social medicine reader (pp. 133–136). Durkham: Duke University Press.

Institute of Medicine. (2008). Retooling for an aging America: Building the health care workforce. Washington DC: The National Academics Press.

Juarez, J. A., Marvel, K., Brezinski, K. L., Glazner, C., Towbin, M. M., & Lawton, S. (2006). Bridging the gap: A curriculum to teach residents cultural humility. Family Medicine, 38, 97–102.

Kagawa Singer, M., & Kassim-Lakha, S. (2003). A strategy to reduce cross-cultural miscommunication and increase the likelihood of improving health outcomes. Academic Medicine, 78, 577–587.

Kleinman, A., Eisenberg, L., & Good, B. (1978). Culture, illness and care: Clinical lessons from anthropologic and cross-cultural research. Annals of Internal Medicine, 88, 251–256.

Kripalani, S., Bussey-Jones, J., Katz, M. G., & Genao, I. (2006). A prescription for cultural competence in medical education. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 21, 1116–1120.

Kumagai, A. K., & Lypson, M. L. (2009). Beyond cultural competence: Critical consciousness, social justice, and multicultural education. Academic Medicine, 84, 782–787.

Lam, T. P., Lam, B., & Yu, Y. (2009). Medical education reform: The Asian experience. Academic Medicine, 84, 1313–1317.

Lee, E. (2007). At America’s gates: Chinese immigration during the exclusion era: 1882–1943. North Carolina: The University of North Carolina Press.

Levi, A. (2009). The ethics of nursing student international clinical experiences. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, and Neonatal Nursing, 38, 94–99.

Lie, D., Carter-Pokras, O., & Cleveland, E. (2006). Tool for assessing cultural competence training (TACCT) resource guide American Association of Medical Colleges.

Lindsay, C. (2007). The Chinese community in Canada. Ottawa, Canada: Minister of Industry.

Liu, R., So, L., & Quan, H. (2007). Chinese and white Canadian satisfaction compliance with physicians. BMC Family Practice, 21, 8–11.

Loudon, R. F., Anderson, P. M., Gill, P. S., & Greenfield, S. M. (1999). Educating medical students for work in culturally diverse societies. JAMA, 282, 875–880.

McElroy, A., & Jezewski, M. A. (2003). Cultural variation in the experience of health and illness. In G. Albrecht, S. C. Scrimshaw, & R. Fitzpatrick (Eds.), Handbook of social studies in health and medicine. Beverly Hills: Sage.

Miller, S. (2009). Cultural humility is the first step to becoming global care providers. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, and Neonatal Nursing, 38, 92–93.

Murray-Garcia, J., & Garcia, J. A. (2008). The instructional context of multicultural education: What is your institutional curriculum? Academic Medicine, 83, 646–652.

National Bureau of Statistics of China. (2009). 1% of National Population Survey in 2005. National Bureau of Statistics of China, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China [On-line]. Available: http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/rkpcgb/qgrkpcgb/t20060316_402310923.htm .

Ngo-Metzger, Q., Legedza, A. T., & Phillips, R. S. (2004). Asian Americans’ reports of their health care experiences—Results of a national survey. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 19, 111–119.

Pan, L. (1994). Sons of the yellow emperor: A history of the Chinese diaspora. New York: Kodansha Globe.

Ramsey, S. R. (1989). The languages of China. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Rust, G., Kondwani, K., Martinez, R., Dansie, R., Wong, W., Fry-Johnson, Y., et al. (2006). A crash-course in cultural competence. Ethnicity and Disease, 16, 29–36.

Shapiro, J., Lie, D., Gutierrez, D., & Zhuang, G. (2006). That never would have occured to me: A qualitative study of medical students’ views of a cultural competence curriculum. BMC Medical Education, 26, 6–31.

Shinagawa, L. (2008). A portrait of Chinese Americans. Maryland: Asian American Studies Program, University of Maryland.

Smedley, B. D., Stith, A. Y., & Nelson, A. R. (2003). Unequal treatment: Confronting racial and ethnic disparities in health care. Washington DC: National Academies Press.

Tervalon, M., & Murray-Garcia, J. (1998). Cultural humility vs. cultural competence: A critical distinction in defining physician training outcomes in multicultural education. Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved, 9.

US Census Bureau. (2009). U.S pop clock projection. US Census Bureau [On-line]. Available: http://www.census.gov/population/www/popclockus.html .

Vega, W. A. (2005). Higher stakes ahead for cultural competence. General Hospital Psychiatry, 27, 446–450.

Wang, J. (2006). His dominion and the yellow peril: Protestant missions to Chinese immigrants in Canada, 1859–1967. Ontario, Canada: Wilfrid Laurier University Press.

Wear, D. (2003). Insurgent multiculturalism: Rethinking how and why we teach culture in medical education. Academic Medicine, 78, 549–554.

Wong, S. C. (1998). Language diversity: Problem or resource? In S. L. McKay & S. C. Wong (Eds.), A social and educational perspective on lanugauge minorities in the United States. New York: Newbury House.

Xu, Y., & Wang, B. (2007). Ethnic minorities of China—Journey into China. China Intercontinental Press.

Ying, Y. (1995). Cultural orientation and psychological well-being in Chinese Americans. American Journal of Community Psychology, 23, 893–911.