Inhibition of AP‐1 transcription activator induces myc‐dependent apoptosis in HL60 cells

Journal of Cellular Biochemistry - Tập 91 Số 5 - Trang 973-986 - 2004
Seyeon Park1, Eun‐Ryeong Hahm, Dug‐Keun Lee, Chul‐Hak Yang
1School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea

Tóm tắt

AbstractTranscriptional activation of AP‐1 is intricately involved in cell proliferation and transformation. The natural product, nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) shows an inhibitory effect on the binding of jun/AP‐1 protein to the AP‐1 site in 12‐O‐tetradecanoylphorbol‐13‐acetate (TPA)‐stimulated HL60 cells. The NDGA inhibits the auto‐regulated de novo synthesis of c‐jun mRNA in TPA‐stimulated HL60 cells. Our data also determine that this compound induces proliferation inhibition and apoptosis in human leukemia HL60 cells. To obtain information on the functional role of the AP‐1 inhibition by NDGA in apoptosis signaling, the effects of pharmacological inhibition of AP‐1 binding on c‐myc, p53, and bax protein level were determined. Our results indicate that treatment of cells with NDGA enhances c‐myc, p53, and bax protein levels. To rule out the possibility that NDGA will induce apoptosis because of the effects on proteins other than AP‐1, we investigated the effect of another AP‐1 inhibitor, SP600125, which is specific to Jun‐N‐terminal kinase. SP600125 decreased not only the phosphorylation level of jun protein but also AP‐1/DNA binding activity. Also, apoptosis was observed to be induced by SP600125, concomitant with the increase in c‐myc, p53, and bax protein level. In addition, apoptosis induced by both AP‐1 inhibitors was accompanied by the activation of a downstream apoptotic cascade such as caspase 9, caspase 3, and poly[ADP‐ribose]polymerase (PARP). When the cells were treated with NDGA or SP600125 in the presence of antisense c‐myc oligonucleotides, apoptosis was not observed and an increase of c‐myc, p53, and bax proteins was not manifested. All these results show that the inhibition of the transcription factor AP‐1 action is related with either the drug‐induced apoptosis or the drug toxicity of the HL60 cells. The apoptosis induced by AP‐1 inhibition may be dependent on c‐myc protein levels suggesting that the c‐myc protein induces apoptosis at a low level of AP‐1 binding activity. Altogether, our findings suggest that the presence of the AP‐1 signal acts as a survival factor that determines the outcome of myc‐induced proliferation or apoptosis. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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Journal of Cellular Biochemistry

Tập 91 Số 5

973-986

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