Viêm và stress oxy hóa, mối liên hệ giữa béo phì và COVID-19: một bài tổng quan

Journal of Physiology and Biochemistry - Tập 78 Số 3 - Trang 581-591 - 2022
Moreno-Fernandez, Jorge1,2,3,4, Ochoa, Julio1,2, Ojeda, María Luisa5, Nogales, Fátima5, Carreras, Olimpia5, Díaz-Castro, Javier1,2,4
1Department of Physiology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
2Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix Verdú”, University of Granada, Armilla, Spain
3Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
4Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs. GRANADA), Spain
5Department of Physiology, University of Seville University, Seville, Spain

Tóm tắt

COVID-19, một bệnh lý hô hấp cấp do virus SARS-CoV-2 gây ra, đã nhanh chóng trở thành đại dịch. Mặt khác, béo phì cũng đang đạt đến những mức độ nghiêm trọng và là yếu tố nguy cơ gây bệnh tật và tử vong sớm. Béo phì đã được liên kết với nguy cơ cao mắc các biến chứng nghiêm trọng liên quan đến COVID-19, do có nguy cơ cao mắc các bệnh mãn tính đồng mắc, điều này nhấn mạnh tầm quan trọng về sức khỏe cộng đồng của vấn đề này. Những cá nhân béo phì có môi trường viêm pro-inflammation, điều này có thể làm tăng thêm viêm và stress oxy hóa do COVID-19, giải thích cho nguy cơ gia tăng các biến chứng nghiêm trọng ở những bệnh nhân này. Một yếu tố khác ủng hộ sự lây nhiễm ở bệnh nhân béo phì là sự biểu hiện cao của các thụ thể ACE2 trong mô mỡ. Tác động tiêu cực của COVID-19 đối với béo phì cũng liên quan đến giảm chức năng hô hấp, sự đồng mắc của nhiều bệnh lý đi kèm, trạng thái viêm mãn tính độ thấp, tình trạng suy yếu miễn dịch, và do đó là tỷ lệ nhập viện, thở máy, các biến chứng trong bệnh viện như viêm phổi, và tử vong cao hơn. Trong bài tổng quan này, mối liên hệ giữa béo phì và COVID-19 đã được phân tích, khám phá các cơ chế chung tiềm năng trong cả hai bệnh, với sự chú ý đặc biệt đến stress oxy hóa và viêm, do vai trò then chốt của cả hai con đường trong sự phát triển của bệnh.

Từ khóa

#COVID-19 #béo phì #viêm #stress oxy hóa #biến chứng nghiêm trọng

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