Individual-Based Approach to Modeling Hyphal Growth of a Biocontrol Fungus in Soil
Tóm tắt
Fungi in soil perform beneficial roles that include biological control of soilborne plant pathogens. However, relatively little predictive information is available about the growth and activity of fungal hyphae in soil habitats. A stochastic computer simulation model (“Fungmod”) was developed to predict hyphal growth of the biocontrol fungus Trichoderma harzianum ThzID1 in soil. The model simulates a fungal colony as a population of spatially referenced hyphal segments, and is individual-based, in that records of spatial location and branching hierarchy are maintained for individual hyphal nodes. In this way, the entire spatial structure of the fungal colony (hyphal network) can be explicitly reconstructed at any point in time. Also, the soil habitat is modeled as a population of spatially referenced 1-mm3soil cells, allowing for the simulation of a spatially heterogeneous environment. Initial hyphal growth parameters were derived from previously published results, and the model was tested against new data derived from image analysis of hyphal biomass accumulation in soil. The ability to predict fungal growth in natural habitats will help to improve the predictability of successful myco-parasitic events in biological control systems.
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
Ayers, W. A., and Adams, P. B. 1980. Mycoparasitism and its application to biological control of plant diseases. Pages 91-103 in: Biological Control in Crop Protection. G. C. Papavizas, ed. BARC Symposium No. 5. Allanhead Osmun, Totowa, NJ.
Chet, I., Hadar, Y., Elad, Y., Katan, J., and Henis, Y. 1979. Biological control of soil-borne plant pathogens by Trichoderma harzianum. Pages 585-591 in: Soil-Borne Plant Pathogens. B. Schippers and W. Gams, eds. Academic Press, New York.
Edelstein L., 1983, J. Gen. Microbiol., 129, 1873
Knudsen, G. R. 1991. Models for the survival of bacteria applied to the foliage of crop plants. Pages 191-216 in: Modeling the Environmental Fate of Microorganisms. C. J. Hurst, ed. ASM Press, Washington, DC.
Knudsen, G. R., and Spurr, H. W., Jr. 1988. Management of bacterial populations for foliar disease biocontrol. Pages 83-92 in: Biocontrol of Plant Diseases. K. G. Mukerji, ed. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
Knudsen, G. R., and Stack, J. P. 1991. Modeling growth and dispersal of fungi in natural environments. Pages 625-645 in: Handbook of Applied Mycology, Vol. I: Soil and Plants. D. K. Arora, B. Rai, K. G. Mukerji, and G. R. Knudsen, eds. Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York.
Prosser, J. I. 1991. Mathematical modeling of vegetative growth of filamentous fungi. Pages 591-623 in: Handbook of Applied Mycology, Vol. I: Soil and Plants. D. K. Arora, B. Rai, K. G. Mukerji, and G. R. Knudsen, eds. Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York.
Snedecor, G. W., and Cochran, W. G. 1967. Statistical Methods. The Iowa State University Press, Ames.
Spurr, H. W., Jr., and Knudsen, G. R. 1985. Biological control of leaf diseases with bacteria. Pages 45-62 in: Biological Control on the Phylloplane. C. E. Windels and S. E. Lindow, eds. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.
Stack, J. P., Kenerley, C. M., and Pettit, R. E. 1988. Application of biological control agents. Pages 43-54 in: Biocontrol of Plant Diseases. K. G. Mukerji, ed. CRS Press, Boca Raton, FL.
Stack J. P., 1987, Phytopathology, 77, 1771
Trinci, A. P. J. 1984. Regulation of hyphal branching and hyphal orientation. Pages 23-52 in: The Ecology and Physiology of Fungal Mycelium. D. H. Jennings and A. D. M. Rayner, eds. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.