Inability of total antioxidant activity assays to accurately assess the phenolic compounds of date palm fruit (Phoenix dactylifera L.)

Ghnimi, 2017, Date fruit (Phoenix dactylifera L.): An underutilized food seeking industrial valorization, NFS J., 6, 1, 10.1016/j.nfs.2016.12.001 Siddiqi, 2020, Potential of dates (Phoenix dactylifera L.) as natural antioxidant source and functional food for healthy diet, Sci. Total Environ., 748, 141, 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141234 Abdel-Wahab, 2015, Phenolic content, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Egyptian date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) fruits, Australian J. Basic Appl. Sci., 9, 141 Rahmani, 2014, Therapeutic effects of date fruits (Phoenix dactylifera) in the prevention of diseases via modulation of anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-tumour activity, Int. J. Clin. Exp. Med., 7, 483 Bouhlali, 2018, Anti-inflammatory properties and phenolic profile of six Moroccan date fruit (Phoenix dactylifera L.) varieties, J. King Saud Uni. Sci., 30, 519, 10.1016/j.jksus.2017.08.011 Pinelo, 2005, Effect of solvent, temperature, and solvent-to-solid ratio on the total phenolic content and antiradical activity of extracts from different components of grape pomace, Agric. Food Chem., 53, 2111, 10.1021/jf0488110 Biglari, 2008, Antioxidant activity and phenolic content of various date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) fruits from Iran, Food Chem., 107, 1636, 10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.10.033 Siddeeg, 2019, Sugar profile, volatile compounds, composition and antioxidant activity of Sukkari date palm fruit, J. Food Sci. Technol., 56, 754, 10.1007/s13197-018-3534-y Saafi, 2009, Phenolic content and antioxidant activity of four date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) fruit varieties grown in Tunisia. Int. J. Food Sci, Technol., 44, 2314 Khanavi, 2009, Comparison of antioxidant activity and total phenols of some date varieties, Daru J. Pharm. Sci., 17, 104 Shahdadi, 2015, Study of phenolic compound and antioxidant activity of date fruit as a function of ripening stages and drying process, J. Food Sci. Technol., 52, 1814, 10.1007/s13197-013-1177-6 Al-Shwyeh, 2019, Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) fruit as potential antioxidant and antimicrobial agents, J. Pharm. Bioallied Sci., 11, 23, 10.4103/JPBS.JPBS_168_18 Al-Turki, 2010, Diversity of antioxidant properties and phenolic content of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) fruits as affected by cultivar and location, J. Food Agric. Environ., 8, 253 Mohamed Lemine, 2014, Antioxidant activity of various Mauritanian date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) fruits at two edible ripening stages, Food Sci. Nutr., 2, 700, 10.1002/fsn3.167 Borochov-Neori, 2013, Date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) fruit soluble phenolics composition and anti-atherogenic properties in nine Israeli varieties, J. Agric. Food Chem., 61, 4278, 10.1021/jf400782v Bouhlali, 2016, Evaluation of antioxidant, antihemolytic and antibacterial potential of six Moroccan date fruit (Phoenix dactylifera L.) varieties, J. King Saud Uni. Sci., 28, 136, 10.1016/j.jksus.2016.01.002 Acosta-Estrada, 2014, Bound phenolics in foods, a review, Food Chem., 152, 46, 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.11.093 Elnour, 2018, Challenges of extraction techniques of natural antioxidants and their potential application opportunities as anti-cancer agents, Health Sci. J., 12, 1 Hachani, 2018, Morphological, physico-chemical characteristics and effects of extraction solvents on UHPLC-DAD-ESI-MSn profiling of phenolic contents and antioxidant activities of five date cultivars (Phoenix dactylifera L.) growing in Algeria, NFS J., 13, 10, 10.1016/j.nfs.2018.10.001 Dai, 2010, Plant phenolics: extraction, analysis and their antioxidant and anticancer properties, Molecules, 15, 7313, 10.3390/molecules15107313 Zineb, 2015, Effects of extraction solvents on bound phenolic contents and antioxidant activities of Tantboucht dates (Phoenix dactylifera L.) from Algeria, J. Chem. Pharm. Res., 7, 27 Chaira, 2009, Evaluation of antioxidant activity, phenolics, sugar and mineral contents in date palm fruits, J. Food Biochem., 33, 390, 10.1111/j.1745-4514.2009.00225.x Juhaimi, 2012, Physical and chemical properties, antioxidant activity, total phenol and mineral profile of seeds of seven different date fruit (Phoenix dactylifera L.) varieties, Int. J. Food Sci. Nutr., 63, 84, 10.3109/09637486.2011.598851 Benzie, 1996, The ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) as a measure of “antioxidant power”: the FRAP assay, Anal. Biochem., 239, 70, 10.1006/abio.1996.0292 Brand-Williams, 1995, Use of a free radical method to evaluate antioxidant activity, LWT Food Sci. Technol., 28, 25, 10.1016/S0023-6438(95)80008-5 Al-Hooti, 1997, Physicochemical characteristics of five date fruit cultivars grown in the United Arab Emirates, Plant Foods Hum. Nutr., 50, 101, 10.1007/BF02436030 Al-Jasass, 2015, Antioxidants activity and color evaluation of date fruit of selected cultivars commercially available in the United States, Adv. Chem., 2015, 1, 10.1155/2015/567203 Hasanaoui, 2011, Physico-chemical characterization, classification and quality evaluation of date palm fruits of some Moroccan cultivars, J. Sci. Res., 3, 139, 10.3329/jsr.v3i1.6062 Gross, 1983, The carotenoid pigments of the date, Sci. Hortic., 20, 251, 10.1016/0304-4238(83)90005-5 Serratosa, 2008, Changes in color and phenolic compounds during the raisining of grape cv. Pedro Ximenez, J. Agric. Food Chem., 56, 2810, 10.1021/jf073278k Farahnaky, 2011, Physicochemical changes in Mazafati date fruits incubated in hot acetic acid for accelerated ripening to prevent diseases and decay, Sci. Hort. Amsterdam, 127, 313, 10.1016/j.scienta.2010.10.019 Hazzouri, 2015, Whole genome re-sequencing of date palms yields insights into diversification of a fruit tree crop, Nat. Commun., 6, 8824, 10.1038/ncomms9824 Willson, 1990, The evolution of fruit color in fleshy-fruited plants, Am. Nat., 136, 790, 10.1086/285132 Hong, 2006, The flavonoid glycosides and procyanidin composition of Deglet Noor dates (Phoenix dactylifera), J. Agric. Food Chem., 54, 2405, 10.1021/jf0581776 Aguilera, 1987, Kinetics of browning of sultana grapes, J. Food Sci., 52, 990, 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1987.tb14258.x Shahidi, 2015, Measurement of antioxidant activity, J. Funct. Foods, 18, 757, 10.1016/j.jff.2015.01.047 Khoddami, 2013, Techniques for analysis of plant phenolic compounds, Molecules, 18, 2328, 10.3390/molecules18022328 Stalikas, 2007, Extraction, separation, and detection methods for phenolic acids and flavonoids, J. Sep. Sci., 30, 3268, 10.1002/jssc.200700261 Hussain, 2020, Nutritional and biological characteristics of the date palm fruit (Phoenix dactylifera L.)–A review, Food Biosci., 34, 100509, 10.1016/j.fbio.2019.100509 George, 2020, Lignin is the main determinant of total dietary fiber content in date fruits (Phoenix dactylifera), NFS J., 21, 16, 10.1016/j.nfs.2020.08.002 Zineb, 2012, Screening of antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds of various date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) fruits from Algeria, Mediterr. J. Nutr. Metab., 5, 119, 10.1007/s12349-011-0082-7 Verde, 2019, Melatonin and related bioactive compounds in commercialized date palm fruits (Phoenix dactylifera L.): correlation with some antioxidant parameters, Eur. Food Res. Technol., 245, 51, 10.1007/s00217-018-3139-8 Taouda, 2014, Comparison of antioxidant activities and phenolic content of Moroccan date fruits, Int. J. Innov. Res. Sci. Eng. Technol., 03, 16120, 10.15680/IJIRSET.2014.0309047 Ali Haimoud, 2016, Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of widely consumed date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) fruit varieties in Algerian oases. J, Food Biochem., 40, 463, 10.1111/jfbc.12227 Mansouri, 2005, Phenolic profile and antioxidant activity of the Algerian ripe date palm fruit (Phoenix dactylifera), Food Chem., 89, 411, 10.1016/j.foodchem.2004.02.051 Al Juhaimi, 2020, Bioactive properties, fatty acid compositions, and phenolic compounds of some date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cultivars, J. Food Process. Preserv., 44, 1, 10.1111/jfpp.14432 Mohammad, 2015, Some quality attributes and biochemical properties of nine Iranian date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cultivars at different stages of fruit development, Int. J. Hort. Sci. Technol., 2, 161 Souli, 2018, Phenolic composition profiling of Tunisian 10 varieties of common dates (Phoenix dactylifera L.) at tamar stage using LC-ESI-MS and antioxidant activity, J. Food Biochem., 42, 1, 10.1111/jfbc.12634 Salman Haider, 2013, Fruit developmental stages effects on biochemical attributes in date palm, Pak. J. Agric. Sci., 50, 577 Mohamed, 2016, Total phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant activities of sixteen commercial date cultivars grown in Saudi Arabia, RSC Adv., 6, 44814, 10.1039/C6RA02831D Singh, 2012, Comparative analysis of total phenolics, flavonoid content and antioxidant profile of different date varieties (Phoenix dactylifera L.) from Sultanate of Oman, Int. Food Res. J., 19, 1063 Nadeem, 2011, Textural profile analysis and phenolic content of some date palm varieties, J. Agric. Res., 49, 525 Amira, 2012, Effects of the ripening stage on phenolic profile, phytochemical composition and antioxidant activity of date palm fruit, J. Agric. Food Chem., 60, 10896, 10.1021/jf302602v Benmeddour, 2013, Phenolic composition and antioxidant capacities of ten Algerian date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cultivars: a comparative study, J. Funct. Foods, 5, 346, 10.1016/j.jff.2012.11.005 Bouhlali, 2017, Functional composition and antioxidant activities of eight Moroccan date fruit varieties (Phoenix dactylifera L.), J. Saudi Soc. Agric. Sci., 16, 257 Al-Farsi, 2005, Comparison of antioxidant activity, anthocyanins, carotenoids, and phenolics of three native fresh and sun-dried date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) varieties grown in Oman, J. Agric. Food Chem., 53, 7592, 10.1021/jf050579q Eid, 2013, Effect of cultivar type and ripening on the polyphenol content of date palm fruit, 61, 2453 Allaith, 2019, Antioxidants in date fruits and the extent of the variability of the total phenolic content: review and analysis Vasco, 2008, Total phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacities of major fruits from Ecuador, Food Chem., 111, 816, 10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.04.054 Schaich, 2015, Hurdles and pitfalls in measuring antioxidant efficacy: a critical evaluation of ABTS, DPPH, and ORAC assays, J. Funct. Foods, 14, 111, 10.1016/j.jff.2015.01.043 Miguel-Chávez, 2017, Phenolic antioxidant capacity: A review of the state of the art Prior, 2005, Standardized methods for the determination of antioxidant capacity and phenolics in foods and dietary supplements, J. Agric. Food Chem., 53, 4290, 10.1021/jf0502698 Tian, 2013, Effects of molecular structure on kinetics and dynamics of the trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity assay with ABTS+•, J. Agric. Food Chem., 61, 5511, 10.1021/jf4010725 Ilyasov, 2020, ABTS/PP decolorization assay of antioxidant capacity reaction pathways, Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21, 1131, 10.3390/ijms21031131 Ioannou, 2015, Origin of the variability of the antioxidant activity determination of food material Xie, 2014, Re-evaluation of the 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical (DPPH) assay for antioxidant activity, J. Agric. Food Chem., 62, 4251, 10.1021/jf500180u Apak, 2007, Comparative evaluation of various total antioxidant capacity assays applied to phenolic compounds with the CUPRAC assay, Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 12, 1496, 10.3390/12071496 Maji, 2012, Application of principal component analysis for rice germplasm characterization and evaluation, J. Plant Breed. Crop Sci., 4, 87 Craft, 2012, Phenol-based antioxidants and the in vitro methods used for their assessment, Compr. Rev. Food Sci. Food Saf., 11, 148, 10.1111/j.1541-4337.2011.00173.x Samad, 2016, Antibacterial properties and effects of fruit chilling and extract storage on antioxidant activity, total phenolic and anthocyanin content of four date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) cultivars, Molecules, 21, 419, 10.3390/molecules21040419 Bibi Sadeer, 2020, The versatility of antioxidant assays in food science and safety—chemistry, applications, strengths, and limitations, Antioxidants, 9, 709, 10.3390/antiox9080709