Biotransformation in vitro của các alcaloid pyrrolizidine ở các loài khác nhau. Phần I: Sự phân hủy microsome

Fühner-Wieland's Sammlung von Vergiftungsfällen - Tập 92 - Trang 1089-1097 - 2017
Franziska Kolrep1, Jorge Numata1, Carsten Kneuer1, Angelika Preiss-Weigert1, Monika Lahrssen-Wiederholt1, Dieter Schrenk2, Anja These1
1German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
2University of Kaiserslautern, Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Kaiserslautern, Germany

Tóm tắt

Các alcaloid pyrrolizidine (PA) là các metabolite thứ cấp của một số loài thực vật có hoa. Việc tiêu thụ PA có thể dẫn đến các hiệu ứng cấp tính và mãn tính ở người và gia súc, với độc tính gan, khả năng gây đột biến và khả năng gây ung thư được xác định là những hiệu ứng chủ yếu. Nhiều trăm PA chia sẻ cấu trúc pyrrolizidine diol là cấu trúc lõi được hình thành bởi các loài thực vật. Mặc dù nhiều đồng phân có thể gây ra các hiệu ứng bất lợi, nhưng đã phát hiện sự khác biệt về độc tính trong các thử nghiệm trên động vật. Thông thường, PA được xem là không hoạt động sinh học và độc học và yêu cầu sự kích hoạt chuyển hóa. Do đó, có thể mong đợi một mối quan hệ mạnh mẽ giữa chuyển hóa kích hoạt và độc tính. Về độ nhạy cảm với PA, sự khác biệt rõ rệt giữa các loài đã được báo cáo với độ nhạy cảm tương đối cao ở ngựa, trong khi dê và cừu dường như gần như có khả năng kháng. Do đó, chúng tôi đã nghiên cứu tỷ lệ phân hủy in vitro của bốn PA thường gặp bằng các enzyme gan có sẵn trong phân đoạn S9 từ gan người, lợn, bò, ngựa, chuột, thỏ, dê và cừu. Điều bất ngờ là hầu như không quan sát thấy sự phân hủy chuyển hóa của bất kỳ PA nào ở các loài nhạy cảm như người, lợn, ngựa hay bò. Nếu sự hình thành các metabolite độc hại đại diện cho một bước kích hoạt sinh học quan trọng, thì các tỷ lệ chuyển đổi nghịch được tìm thấy của PA so với độ nhạy cảm đã biết cần được điều tra thêm.

Từ khóa

#alcaloid pyrrolizidine #độc tính gan #kích hoạt chuyển hóa #độ nhạy cảm giữa các loài

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