Nghiên cứu hiện trường về cộng đồng vi khuẩn liên quan đến nhựa trong một hồ nước ngọt của Hungary

Water, Air, and Soil Pollution - Tập 232 - Trang 1-17 - 2021
István Szabó1, Jafar Al-Omari1, Gábor Soma Szerdahelyi2, Milán Farkas1, Yazid Al-Omari3, Péter Márton Szabó4, Rózsa Sebők1, Jeffrey Griffitts5, Balázs Kriszt1, Sándor Szoboszlay1
1Institute of Aquaculture and Environmental Safety, Hungarian University of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Gödöllő, Hungary
2Department of Environmental Safety and Ecotoxicology, Szent István University, Gödöllő, Hungary
3SCAD Statistical Centre, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
4Department of Oncology, Bristol-Myers Squibb Inc., New York City, USA
5Southern Nazarene University, Bethany, USA

Tóm tắt

Mặc dù nhựa mang lại nhiều lợi ích to lớn trong nhiều lĩnh vực của cuộc sống, nhưng việc sản xuất và sử dụng nhựa ngày càng tăng đã đưa đến tình trạng rác thải nhựa trở thành một vấn đề môi trường quan trọng. Việc sử dụng và thải bỏ không đúng cách đã dẫn đến sự tích tụ rác thải nhựa trong các môi trường thủy sinh khác nhau. Biofilm vi sinh vật có khả năng phát triển trên bề mặt của nhựa (plastisphere) trong môi trường nước theo thời gian. Mục tiêu của nghiên cứu này là mô tả các cộng đồng vi khuẩn liên quan đến nhựa trong nước ngọt. Vì vậy, trong thử nghiệm đầu tiên, tổng cộng sáu thiết bị thu nhận nhựa tự thiết kế đã được đặt chìm dưới bề mặt nước tại hồ Vácszentlászló, nằm ở trung tâm Hungary, trong thời gian 3 tháng. Hai thiết bị thu nhận nhựa được nuôi cấy hàng tháng. Các cộng đồng vi sinh vật liên quan sau đó được phân tích như sau: (a) các cộng đồng vi khuẩn được nghiên cứu qua giải trình tự amplicon và (b) vi khuẩn có thể nuôi cấy được tách ra từ bề mặt nhựa và được xác định qua giải trình tự gen 16S rRNA. Cùng với các phân tích này về cộng đồng vi khuẩn gắn bó với nhựa, mẫu nước bề mặt từ hồ cũng được lấy, và trong thử nghiệm thứ hai, các vật liệu khác (ví dụ: gỗ, thủy tinh) cũng được điều tra cộng đồng vi khuẩn liên quan bằng các phương pháp tương tự. Giải trình tự amplicon cho thấy sự khác biệt đáng kể giữa các loại vật liệu gắn bó với nhựa và thành phần cộng đồng vi sinh vật có trong nước hồ. Sử dụng môi trường LB agar, không phát hiện thấy loài mới nào; tuy nhiên, đã xác định được một số loài bệnh lý đã biết. Thiết bị thu nhận nhựa tự thiết kế đã được sử dụng thành công trong suốt mùa đông trong khoảng thời gian 3 tháng, cho thấy rằng đây có thể là một phương pháp hợp lý để nghiên cứu vi khuẩn liên quan đến vi nhựa trong thời gian dài và trong các điều kiện môi trường khác nhau.

Từ khóa

#nhựa #cộng đồng vi khuẩn #vi nhựa #nước ngọt #môi trường thủy sinh

Tài liệu tham khảo

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