Water, Air, and Soil Pollution
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Cơ quản chủ quản: SPRINGER INT PUBL AG , Springer Netherlands
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Water Science and TechnologyEnvironmental EngineeringPollutionEcological ModelingEnvironmental Chemistry
Water, Air, & Soil Pollution is an international, interdisciplinary journal on all aspects of pollution and solutions to pollution in the biosphere. This includes chemical, physical and biological processes affecting flora, fauna, water, air and soil in relation to environmental pollution. Because of its scope, the subject areas are diverse and include all aspects of pollution sources, transport, deposition, accumulation, acid precipitation, atmospheric pollution, metals, aquatic pollution including marine pollution and ground water, waste water, pesticides, soil pollution, sewage, sediment pollution, forestry pollution, effects of pollutants on humans, vegetation, fish, aquatic species, micro-organisms, and animals, environmental and molecular toxicology applied to pollution research, biosensors, global and climate change, ecological implications of pollution and pollution models. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution also publishes manuscripts on novel methods used in the study of environmental pollutants, environmental toxicology, environmental biology, novel environmental engineering related to pollution, biodiversity as influenced by pollution, novel environmental biotechnology as applied to pollution (e.g. bioremediation), environmental modelling and biorestoration of polluted environments. Articles should not be submitted that are of local interest only and do not advance international knowledge in environmental pollution and solutions to pollution. Articles that simply replicate known knowledge or techniques while researching a local pollution problem will normally be rejected without review. Submitted articles must have up-to-date references, employ the correct experimental replication and statistical analysis, where needed and contain a significant contribution to new knowledge. The publishing and editorial team sincerely appreciate your cooperation. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution publishes research papers; review articles; mini-reviews; and book reviews.
Evalution of Acid Deposition in Korea
Tập 130 - Trang 445-450 - 2001
This study was carried out to evaluate acid depositions and to understand their effect. Wet precipitation has been collected at twenty-four sites in Korea for one year of 1999. The ion concentrations such as H+, Na+, K+, Mg2+, NH4
+, Ca2+, Cl−, NO3
− and SO4
2− were chemically analyzed and determined. Precipitation had wide range of pH(3.5∼8.5), and volume-weighted average was 5.2. The contribution amounts of Cl−, SO4
2− and NO3
− in anion were shown to be 54%, 32%, and 14%, respectively and those of Na+ and NH4
+ in cation were 32% and 25%. The ratios of Cl− and Mg2+ to Na+ in precipitation were similar to those of seawater, which imply that great amount of Cl− and Mg2+ in precipitation could be originated from seawater. The concentration of H+ is little related with SO4
2−, NO3
− and Cl− ions, whereas nss−SO4
2− and NO3
− are highly correlated with NH4
+, which could suggest that great amount of SO4
2− and NO3
− exist in the form of ammonium associated salt. The annual wet deposition amounts (g m−2year−1) of SO4
2−, NO3
−, Cl−, H+, NH4
+, Na+, K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ were estimated as 0.88∼4.89, 0.49∼4.37, 0.30∼9.80, 0.001∼0.031, 0.06∼2.15, 0.27∼4.27, 0.10∼3.81, 0.23∼1.59 and 0.03∼0.63.
Groundwater acidification at Birkenes, southern Norway: Comparing trends of chemical composition of precipitation, throughfall, soilwater and groundwater
Tập 85 - Trang 1861-1866 - 1995
Chemical time trends for precipitation, throughfall, and soilwater (1986–1992), and groundwater (1980–1993) at Birkenes, southern Norway, are compared to gain insights into possible causes for the recent increase in groundwater acidification there. Precipitation and throughfall trends do not show evidence for an increase in anthropogenic acids (e.g. sulphate), but seasalt deposition (e.g. chloride) has been marginally greater in 1990–1992 than in most previous years on record. Soilwater composition partly indicates increasing acidification in recent years (pH, Al and ANC), but hardness and sulphate content are decreasing. Soilwater ANC became negative in 1989, revealing a lasting deficit in its potential to buffer acidity. Groundwater shows clear signs of intensifying acidification (pH, Al, ANC, hardness and sulphate), and this may result partly from climatic conditions (mild winters, ‘seasalt episodes’) and partly from the deterioration of an acid buffering system within the soil cover. Acidification via sulphate deposition certainly is not a direct cause. The declining hardness of soilwater suggests that the ion-exchange buffer in the soil may have ceased to function properly. The necessity for obtaining long-term time-series of water chemistry is underscored by this study.
Studies on the sorption of I? (iodide) and IO3 ? (iodate) onto Andosols
Tập 63 Số 3-4 - Trang 321-329 - 1992
Tracer experiments on transfer of radio-iodine in the soil — rice plant system
Tập 45 Số 1-2 - Trang 157-171 - 1989
Assessment of the Response of the NC-S/NC-R Clover Clone System to Ambient Ozone Levels at the Ruhr Valley
Tập 137 - Trang 63-79 - 2002
To investigate the effect of ozone on two clones of white clover (Trifolium repens L. cv. Regal), differing in their sensitivity to ozone (O3), plants were cultivated during the vegetation periods 1997 (59 rain days; AOT40 from 20 May–7 Oktober: 5630 ppb.hr) and 1998 (81 rain days, AOT40 from 5 May–22 September: 4180 ppb.hr) accordingto the experimental protocol (UN/ECE, 1997, 1998a) of the International Cooperative Programme on Effects of Air Pollution on Natural Vegetation and Crops (ICP-Vegetation).Ozone episode related foliar injury was most pronounced in 1997. Protein content (only determined in 1998) decreased significantly (p ≤ 0.001) in S-clone leaves only, after an O3 episode of less than two weeks, but no effects on biomass and chlorophyll content were found. This gives rise to the question, whether the biomass ratio between the clones or chlorophyll content are appropriate parameters to determine O3 induced effects during cool and rainy summer seasons and whether other measurements of plant reaction (e.g. protein content of leaves) should be done in addition for a better description of O3 injury. Beyond that, the influence of factors modifying plant reaction to O3 (Level II) should be further elucidated.
Pollutant loadings from solvay waste beds to lower Ninemile Creek, New York
Tập 55 - Trang 427-444 - 1991
Concentrations of Cl, total ammonia (TNH3), NO3 plus NO2, total P (TP), and soluble reactive P (SRP) were measured at two sites, located 5 km apart, on Ninemile Creek, New York, for a period of more than 8 mo. The sites bound the most recently formed Solvay waste beds, associated with the production of soda ash, that adjoin the creek. Concentrations of Cl and T-NH3 increased on average by factors of 16.1 and 7.6, respectively, over the monitored stream reach. The estimated average loadings of these materials to the stream over this reach were 2.3 × 105 and 1.2 × 102 kg d−1, respectively. These inputs are attributable to the Solvay waste beds. The loading of Cl from this source has not changed significantly over a 4 yr period since the closure of the soda ash manufacturing facility. This is the single largest source of Cl, and the second largest source of T-NH3, to polluted Onondaga Lake. Profiles of Cl in the lake indicated that at times the creek inflow plunges to subsurface layers as a result of its elevated density. This is at least in part a result of the creek's ionic enrichment. The concentration of SRP decreased by a factor of 2.0 on average over the study reach, probably due to adsorption to the CaCO3 deposits that cover the stream bed in this area. However, the TP load from the creek to the lake is not significantly affected by this phenomenon.
Impact of Long-Term Application of Fertilizers on N2O and NO Production Potential in an Intensively Cultivated Sandy Loam Soil
Tập 212 - Trang 141-153 - 2010
Literature reports on N2O and NO emissions from organic and mineral agricultural soil amended with N-containing fertilizers have reached contradictory conclusions. To understand the influence of organic manure (OM) and chemical fertilizer application on N2O and NO emissions, we conducted laboratory incubation experiments on an agricultural sandy loam soil exposed to different long-term fertilization practices. The fertilizer treatments were initiated in 1989 at the Fengqiu State Key Agro-ecological Experimental Station and included a control without fertilizer (CK), OM, mineral NPK fertilizer (NPK), mineral NP fertilizer (NP), and mineral NK fertilizer (NK). The proportion of N emitted as NO and N2O varied considerably among fertilizer treatments, ranging from 0.83% to 2.50% as NO and from 0.08% to 0.36% as N2O. Cumulative NO emission was highest in the CK treatment after NH
4
+
-N was added at a rate of 200 mg N kg−1 soil during the 612-h incubation period, whereas the long-term application of fertilizers significantly reduced NO emission by 54–67%. In contrast, the long-term application of NPK fertilizer and OM significantly enhanced N2O emission by 95.6% and 253%, respectively, compared to CK conditions. The addition of NP fertilizer (no K) significantly reduced N2O emission by 25.5%, whereas applications of NK fertilizer (no P) had no effect. The difference among the N-fertilized treatments was due probably to discrepancies in the N2O production potential of the dominant ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) species rather than AOB abundance. The ratio of NO/N2O was approximately 24 in the CK treatment, significantly higher than those in the N-fertilized treatments (3–11), and it decreased with increasing N2O production potential in N-fertilized treatments. Our data suggests that the shift in the dominant AOB species might produce reciprocal change in cumulative NO and N2O emissions.