Tìm kiếm bản sắc in vivo của tế bào gốc trung mô

Stem Cells - Tập 26 Số 9 - Trang 2287-2299 - 2008
Lindolfo da Silva Meirelles1, Arnold I. Caplan2, Nance Beyer Nardi1
1Department of Genetics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
2Skeletal Research Center, Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA

Tóm tắt

Mặc dù đã có nhiều tiến bộ trong hiểu biết về tế bào gốc trưởng thành (ASCs) trong vài năm qua, nhưng hoạt động tự nhiên của chúng in vivo vẫn còn chưa rõ ràng. Tế bào gốc trung mô (MSCs), một trong những loại ASC hứa hẹn nhất cho các liệu pháp dựa trên tế bào, chủ yếu được định nghĩa bằng các xét nghiệm chức năng sử dụng tế bào được nuôi cấy. Việc định nghĩa MSCs in vitro làm tăng độ phức tạp cho việc nghiên cứu của chúng vì các điều kiện nhân tạo có thể tạo ra các sai lệch trong thí nghiệm. Việc đưa các kết quả này vào bối cảnh của sinh vật là khó khăn vì vị trí chính xác và chức năng của MSCs in vivo vẫn còn khó nắm bắt; việc xác định khoang MSC là cần thiết để xác thực các kết quả thu được in vitro và nâng cao kiến thức về các chức năng sinh lý của ASC này. Ở đây, chúng tôi giới thiệu một phân tích các bằng chứng cho thấy MSCs có vị trí quanh mạch máu, liên quan những tế bào này với tế bào bao quanh mạch (pericytes), và trình bày một mô hình trong đó vùng quanh mạch máu là khoang MSC in vivo, nơi các tín hiệu cục bộ phối hợp sự chuyển tiếp đến kiểu hình tế bào tiền thân và trưởng thành. Mô hình này đề xuất rằng MSCs ổn định các mạch máu và đóng góp vào sự ổn định của mô và hệ thống miễn dịch trong các điều kiện sinh lý, đồng thời đảm nhận vai trò chủ động hơn trong việc sửa chữa tổn thương mô cục bộ. Việc xác lập khoang quanh mạch máu như một khoang MSC cung cấp cơ sở cho việc thiết kế hợp lý các phương pháp điều trị in vivo bổ sung. Quan điểm này liên kết MSC với hệ thống miễn dịch và mạch máu, nhấn mạnh vai trò của nó như một thành phần tích hợp sinh lý và tầm quan trọng của nó trong việc sửa chữa/tái tạo mô.

Từ khóa

#tế bào gốc trung mô; tế bào gốc trưởng thành; khoang MSC; hệ thống miễn dịch; sửa chữa mô

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